Ivan Bordin

Qualidade de mudas de guaco produzidas por estaquia em casca de arroz carbonizada com vermicomposto

O guaco e uma especie medicinal cuja parte da planta utilizada sao as folhas. A propagacao das plantas da-se por meio de estacas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar ao longo do tempo o desenvolvimento e a qualidade de mudas de guaco propagadas por estacas em diferentes concentracoes de vermicomposto adicionado a casca de arroz carbonizada. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas [cinco proporcoes de vermicomposto (0; 5; 10; 20 e 40%) e cinco epocas de avaliacao (60; 70; 80; 90 e 100 dias)], com quatro repeticoes. Cada parcela foi composta por 60 estacas (15% de ramos apicais, 70% de ramos medios e 15% ramos basais). Foram avaliados a altura, diâmetro; retencao foliar; numero e comprimento de brotos; area foliar; peso seco das folhas, caule, parte aerea, sistema radicular e total; relacao parte aerea/sistema radicular; altura/diâmetro da base da estaca; altura/peso seco da parte aerea e o Indice de Qualidade de Dickson (IQD). Todas as estacas de guaco avaliadas formaram sistemas radiculares com a adicao ou nao de vermicomposto a casca de arroz carbonizada. As mudas de guaco alcancaram boa qualidade entre 90 a 100 dias apos o transplantio das estacas. Os parâmetros que definiram a qualidade das mudas foram o peso seco da parte aerea por peso seco do sistema radicular, altura da parte aerea por peso seco da parte aerea, altura da parte aerea por diâmetro da base da estaca e IQD, que apresentaram os valores de 5,85; 4,24; 14,41 e 0,17, respectivamente.

Efeito da presença da folha no enraizamento de estacas semilenhosas de porta-enxertos de videira

The objective of this experiment was to study the rooting of semihardwood cuttings of the grapevine rootstocks IAC 766 and IAC 572, in mist chamber condition. For each rootstock, three types of cuttings were evaluated: with leaf, with half leaf, and without leaf. A randomized design was used as experimental model in a 2-factor arrangement (2 rootstocks genotypes and 3 types of cuttings), with five replications and 10 cuttings per plot. The results were evaluated by variance ana byssi and Tukey test with 5% of probability. The rootstock IAC 572 showed better rooting than IAC 766. The leaf presence in semihardwood cuttings of grapevine was essential for adventicious root formation.

Crescimento de milheto e guandu, desempenho de plantas cítricas e propriedades físicas do solo escarificado em um pomar

Chiseling and cover crops can be used in the management of orchards with the purpose of improving soil physical conditions and reducing soil compaction. This study had the objective of evaluating the influence of chiseling on the development of cover crops and citrus trees and on soil physical properties in an orchard with a compaction history in a clayey Typic Haplorthox. The soil was chiseled at 0.30 m, followed by three soil cover crops: spontaneous vegetation, pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), and millet (Pennisetum americanum). The statistical design was completely randomized in a factorial 2 x 3 (chiseling and non-chiseling and three soil covers). After 110 days the aboveground phytomass of cover crops was collected and trenches were dug for root evaluation. The soil physical properties were determined at three points (under canopy, wheel track and inter-row) and four depths (0-0.1; 0.1-0.2; 0.2-0.3 and 0.3-0.4 m). The phytomass of the aboveground part and root system of the cover crops was greater in the chiseling treatment. In the chiseling management the root growth of pearl millet was greater than of pigeon pea and equal in the unchiseled treatment. Development and yield of citrus trees were not affected by treatments. Soil chiseling resulted in a higher soil macro porosity and lower soil bulk density and soil penetration resistance.

Matéria seca, carbono e nitrogênio de raízes de soja e milho em plantio direto e convencional

The objective of this work was to examine whether soil tillage systems affect the distribution and accumulation of dry matter (DM), carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) of root systems of soybean (Glycine max) and corn (Zea mays) in a clayey Typic Haplorthox. Volumetric rings were used for root sampling down to 1 m depth. The distribution in depth and accumulation of DM, C and N of soybean and corn roots were not affected by soil tillage systems. Root length density was 0.7-1.4 cm cm-3 for soybean and 1.2-1.6 cm cm-3 for corn in the 0-0.10 m layer and decreased in the other layers. Root DM input was 1.94-2.01 Mg ha-1 in soybean and 2.50-3.79 Mg ha-1 in corn. For soybean, C and N root inputs were 0.61-0.63 Mg ha-1 and 36.9-38.2 kg ha-1, respectively. For corn, C and N root inputs were 0.72-1.10 Mg ha-1 and 18.78-28.48 kg ha-1, respectively. Independently of the tillage system, 80% of the roots were concentrated in the upper surface layer 0.43 to 0.54 m deep for soybean and in the upper surface layer 0.40 to 0.46 m deep for corn.

Sistema radicular de plantas cítricas e atributos físicos do solo em um Latossolo argiloso submetido à escarificação

The work had as objective to evaluate the influence of the scarification on physical attributes of the soil and on the distribution of the root system of Rangpur lemon budded with the ‘Pera’ orange. Four trenches were digged for each treatment (inter-row scarified and inter-row not scarified) The distribution of the roots in the row and inter-row were evaluated down to 1.0 m depth with the SIARCS 3.0 software (Sistema Integrado de Analise de Raizes e Cobertura do Solo). The total porosity and soil bulk density were evaluated in three depths (0.000-0.125; 0.125-0.250 and 0.25-0.375 m) in three sites: row, inter-row and limit of the tree canopy in the interrow. Three years after scarification there were no differences among treatments for soil total porosity and bulk density on inter-rows and for the amount of roots of all depths and sites.

Sistema radicular e desenvolvimento de plantas cítricas provenientes de viveiro telado e aberto

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o sistema radicular e o desenvolvimento vegetativo de plantas citricas, provenientes de mudas produzidas em sistema de viveiro aberto e de telado. A avaliacao das raizes foi realizada pela escavacao de seis trincheiras para obtencao de imagens digitais das raizes que foram avaliadas pelo programa SIARCS 3.0. Para avaliacao do desenvolvimento vegetativo, foram selecionadas 20 plantas. O delineamento estatistico utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, e os dados obtidos foram analisados pelo teste t de Student. As plantas provenientes de mudas de viveiro aberto foram superiores as plantas de telado na distância efetiva do sistema radicular, na entrelinha de plantio e no total geral de raizes. O diâmetro e o volume da copa foram superiores para as plantas provenientes de mudas de viveiro aberto em relacao as plantas de telado.

Desenvolvimento de mudas de aceroleira propagadas por estacas e sementes em solo compactado

The objective of this research work was to evaluate West Indian Cherry (Malpighia emarginata D.C.) above-ground and root system development, in plants propagated by seeds and cuttings at different soil density levels ( 1,0; 1,2; 1,4 and 1,6kg dm-3). The experiment was carried out in pots with 200 mm diameter and 285 mm height, divided in three rings with 100, 35 and 150 mm height. The experimental design was totally randomized in a factorial arrangement 2 x 4 (two propagation forms and four soil densities) with five replications. The increase in soil density improved a higher above-ground parts and roots development in plants propagated by cuttings. Independent of the propagation method, the studied soil density levels did not prevent the root penetration.