Catherine Wihtol de Wenden

Atlas des migrations

Plus de 100 cartes et infographies entierement mises a jour pour comprendre les phenomenes migratoires et interroger nombre d’idees recues. • Pauvrete, conflits, catastrophes environnementales, travail, etudes, tourisme : quels sont les facteurs reels des migrations ? • Entre accueil et rejet, les reponses politiques possibles : fermeture des frontieres, expulsions, droit d’asile, naturalisations ? • L’Europe face a une crise migratoire sans precedent due au conflit syrien. • Afrique, Asie et Amerique du Sud : les enjeux et consequences des migrations dans les pays emergents. Dans cette cinquieme edition, Catherine Wihtol de Wenden souligne toujours la necessite de penser un monde qui repose sur les mobilites. Date de premiere edition : 2012.

Actual Patterns of Migration Flows: The Challenge of Migration and Asylum in Contemporary Europe

Catherine Wihtol de Wenden analyses the implications of the refugee and migration crisis for the EU. She starts with the fact that, at the beginning of the twenty-first century, international migration reached 244 million people (i.e. 3.5% of the world population), with roughly the same number of flows going to the north (south–north and north–north: 120 million) as to the south (south–south and north–south: 130 million). This presents a new situation. Against this background, de Wenden maintains that all regions and countries are, in one way or another, part of the migration process by being involved in either emigration, immigration or transit flows (most of them in all three aspects together). As a result, categories such as ‘foreign workers’ and ‘asylum seekers’ are becoming increasingly blurry. The chapter also shows that new types of migrants—isolated women, unaccompanied children, circulating elites and experts—have entered into international mobility. At the same time, de Wenden reminds us that the right to move is among the least shared in the world: global mobility is highly segmented based on nationality, class, gender, race, etc. As well as this, the end of the Cold War and the fall of the Berlin Wall in Europe in 1989 brought about generalisation of the right to exit, with easy access to a passport, even in southern countries, along with more restricted rights to enter OECD countries.

Migration and development

ABSTRACT The topic of migration and development from the point of view of the contribution of migrants to local projects has been partially studied in the countries of departure close to large immigration countries: Mexico for the US, Maghreb and Western Africa for Europe. The book of A. Portes et al. goes further because it presents a large view of field studies on the topic, including Asia in a world approach.ABSTRACTThe topic of migration and development from the point of view of the contribution of migrants to local projects has been partially studied in the countries of departure close to large immigration countries: Mexico for the US, Maghreb and Western Africa for Europe. The book of A. Portes et al. goes further because it presents a large view of field studies on the topic, including Asia in a world approach.

Beyond Assimilation: Shifting Boundaries of Belonging in France

The history of France’s immigration policy goes back to the late eighteenth century, when industrialisation began in the context of early demographic decline. Since then, it has hesitated between a policy of settlement and a policy of recruiting labourers. The shortage of workers and future soldiers in the second part of the nineteenth century led to the call for foreign workers. The intention was ‘to make French from foreigners’ in spite of public debates, which were focussed on the risks of immigration for French identity. Issues of immigration were treated in a rather pragmatic manner, without any coherent policy, and were led in a very concrete way by employers and civil-society organisations. In 1974, a turning point appeared when France decided to stop the recruitment of salaried labourers. This decision, initially provisional, stopped the movement of foreigners between France and their countries of origin and defined a policy of integration. In the 1980s, a strong politicisation of immigration and integration then took place.

Frontières, nationalisme et identité politique

La thematique du bornage a servi a renforcer les theses souverainistes de l’Etat-nation. L’identite nationale sert a construire, apres les frontieres geographiques, une histoire differente en deca et au-dela des frontieres, et a introduire un traitement differencie a l’egard de ceux qui sont consideres comme ne faisant pas partie de la nation commune. Une refrontierisation des Etats et de l’Europe est a l’œuvre, qui se conjugue a d’autres themes d’exclusion comme le droit de la nationalite, dans un contexte de theâtralisation de la frontiere, a des fins identitaires.

Migration, Citizenship and the Global Refugee Crisis

ABSTRACT The author suggests that Stephen Castles’ contributions to migration studies are threefold: an analytical investigation of the nexus between migration and citizenship, a global approach to migration with a particular emphasis on new migration regions and finally a sustained critical perspective towards refugee and migration policies that are implemented in Western countries. Applying Stephen Castles’ ideas to the French case, the author argues that the French model of migrant incorporation would benefit from an acknowledgment of the ‘multicultural reality’ in France, a balance between the will to control immigration and the demand for immigrant workers and finally a critical assessment of the immigration laws and their outcomes.ABSTRACTThe author suggests that Stephen Castles’ contributions to migration studies are threefold: an analytical investigation of the nexus between migration and citizenship, a global approach to migration with a particular emphasis on new migration regions and finally a sustained critical perspective towards refugee and migration policies that are implemented in Western countries. Applying Stephen Castles’ ideas to the French case, the author argues that the French model of migrant incorporation would benefit from an acknowledgment of the ‘multicultural reality’ in France, a balance between the will to control immigration and the demand for immigrant workers and finally a critical assessment of the immigration laws and their outcomes.

Savoir et pouvoir: l'impossible rencontre

Dans le domaine de la migration, le savoir constitue n’a que peu d’effet sur les decisions politiques en raison d’une tendance politique a rester dans les lignes deja tracees, de la separation des communautes epistemiques et d’un manque de legitimite de la science des migrations.

Enjeux autour des flux migratoires dans les décennies à venir

Le phenomene des migrations internationales n’a fait que progresser au cours des dernieres annees et englobe aujourd’hui la quasi-totalite des pays du monde (qu’ils soient zone de depart, d’accueil, ou de transit). La situation est encore amplifiee par l’apparition de problematiques nouvelles. Parmi les enjeux determinants pour la recomposition du paysage humain mondial en 2030 : la demographie, le risque environnemental, les inegalites ou encore les violences et les crises politiques. Face aux nouveaux modes de circulation, comment s’adapteront les gouvernements (pris entre des objectifs politiques et des imperatifs economiques, sociaux et culturels) et les opinions publiques ? Comment gerer ces mouvements de population ? Et, surtout, comment vivre ensemble ? Telles sont les questions auxquelles il faudra tâcher de repondre au cours des vingt prochaines annees.