Cauê Vazquez La Scala Teixeira

Effect of resistance training set volume on upper body muscle hypertrophy: are more sets really better than less?

Resistance training (RT) for upper body muscle hypertrophy (UBMH) typically entails high volumes of sets per muscle group per training session. The majority of RT regimens does not discriminate between upper and lower body muscle groups, while these groups may respond differently to RT set volumes in terms of maximum skeletal muscle mass gain. Recent studies have examined the effect of different set volumes on the extent of UBMH to formulate optimal RT regimens and to make RT programmes more time‐efficient.

Metabolic and hormonal responses to different resistance training systems in elderly men

Abstract Objective: To compare acute and sub-acute responses in hormonal profile and metabolic parameters in elderly people who participated in two methods of strength training (ST) with equalized loads. Methods and materials: A total of 12 elder individuals (65 ± 3 years) were randomly assigned to two training methods: constant intensity (CI, 3 sets of 10 repetitions with 75% of 1RM) and variable intensity (VI, 1st set: 12 repetitions at 67% of 1RM > 2nd set: 10 repetitions at 75% of 1RM and 3rd set: 8 repetitions at 80% of 1RM). Both methods included the following exercises: leg press, knee extension, and squat with 1 min rest intervals between sets. Free speed of execution and maximum range of movement were encouraged throughout each set for both protocols. Blood samples were analyzed included glucose, testosterone (T), cortisol (C), T/C rate, growth hormone (GH), and lactate at 2 and 24 h post intervention. Results: There were no observed differences in glucose, testosterone, GH, and lactate concentrations both at 2 and 24 h after the execution of the two training methods. However, significant increases in the levels of T/C rate and decrease on cortisol were observed immediately post exercise for both protocols. Conclusions: Although no significant differences were observed between the two interventions in relation to the hormonal and metabolic parameters analyzed, both training methods promoted a favorable response, with a slight superiority noted for the CI method relative to the hormonal profile.

“You're Only as Strong as Your Weakest Link”: A Current Opinion about the Concepts and Characteristics of Functional Training

Citation: La Scala Teixeira CV, Evangelista AL, Novaes JS, Da Silva Grigoletto ME and Behm DG (2017) “You’re Only as Strong as Your Weakest Link”: A Current Opinion about the Concepts and Characteristics of Functional Training. Front. Physiol. 8:643. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00643 “You’re Only as Strong as Your Weakest Link”: A Current Opinion about the Concepts and Characteristics of Functional Training

EFFECTS OF A MULTICOMPONENT EXERCISE PROGRAM ON THE FUNCTIONAL FITNESS IN ELDERLY WOMEN

Introduction: Aging is inevitable and irreversible, but with the advancement of technology, life expectancy is increasing every year, bringing proposals for various interventions to improve the quality of life. One such intervention is physical exercise programs. Objectives: To investigate the impact of multicomponent training in circuits on functional autonomy parameters in elderly women. Methods: Elderly were recruited and distributed in two groups: trained (N = 16) and non-trained (N = 15). Those in the trained group performed 75-minute training sessions twice a week over a 56-week period. The resistance training included upper and lower limbs with a relative intensity of 70% of 1RM, exercises using body weight, stretching and specific tasks for agility, performed in a circuit form and totaling three passages. Participants underwent functional autonomy (FA) assessment by the protocol of the Latin American Developmental Group for Maturity, the 6-minute walk test (T6M), and the sit-and-reach (SR) test. Results: The trained group had a significant decrease in body weight (p=0.02) and body mass index (p=0.015). Significant improvements (p=0,009) were also observed in FA, SR, and T6M after the intervention Compared with the untrained group, the trained group also obtained significant differences in all functional parameters analyzed. Conclusion: A long-term multicomponent training program conducted on a circuit and applied twice a week was enough to improve multiple components of the functional autonomy of elderly women. Level of Evidence II; Prognostic studies Investigating the effect of a patient characteristic on the outcome of disease.

Does feet position alter triceps surae EMG record during heel-raise exercises in leg press machine?

Background: muscle activation measured by electromyography (EMG) provides additional insight into functional differences between movements and muscle involvement. Objective: to evaluate the EMG of triceps surae during heel-raise exercise in healthy subjects performed at leg press machine with different feet positions. Methods: ten trained healthy male adults aged between 20 and 30 years voluntarily took part in the study. After biometric analyses the EMG signals were obtained using a 8-channel telemeterized surface EMG system (EMG System do Brazil, Brazil Ltda) (amplifier gain: 1000x, common rejection mode ratio >100 dB, band pass filter: 20 to 500 Hz). All data was acquired and processed using a 16-bit analog to digital converter, with a sampling frequency of 2kHz on the soleus (Sol), medial (GM) and lateral (GL) gastrocnemius muscles in both legs, in accordance with the recommendations of SENIAN. The root mean square (RMS) of the EMG amplitude was calculated to evaluate muscle activity of the three muscles. After being properly prepared for eletromyography procedures, all subjects were instructed to perform 3 sets of 5 repetitions during heel-raise exercise using the maximal load that enabled 10 repetitions on leg press 45° machine, each set being performed with one of the following feet positions: neutral (0o), internal and external rotation (both with 45° from neutral position). The tests were sequential and applied a 5-minute rest interval between sets. The order of the tests was randomized. Results: thought had been found interaction (F=0.27, P= 0.75) on RMS parameters and feet position, the values of Sol muscle were significantly (F=17.86, P= 0.003) lower compared with GL and GM muscles independently of feet position. Conclusion: The change in the feet position during the heel-rise exercise performed in the leg press does not influence the activation of the triceps surae, and the soleus is less activated than the gastrocnemius in that exercise.

The influence of subjective intensity control on perceived fatigue and capillary lactate in two types of resistance training

1 Abstract - Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) is a method used to control intensity in resistance training (RT). However, few studies have compared acute physiological and perceptual responses between different types of RT. The objective of this study was to compare the acute responses of lactate and perceived fatigue (PF) between manual resist- ance training (MRT) and free weight RT (FWRT) with intensity control by RPE, and to evaluate the correlation between lactate and PF in both interventions. Fourteen previously untrained men (40.29 ± 8.63 years, BMI = 26.53 ± 5.24 kg/m²) underwent single sessions of MRT and FWRT with intensity control by RPE (5-7 OMNI-RES). Lactate and PF were analyzed pre and post-test. Repeated measures ANOVA and the post hoc Bonferroni test were used for data analysis, adopting a significance level of 5% (P ≤ 0.05). The effect size was calculated to determine the magnitude of the response and Pearsons correlation coefficient was used to assess the association between lactate and PF. Both interventions increased post-test lactate compared to pre-test levels. However, the increase was greater for MRT. Post-test PF was increased when compared to pre-test levels in both protocols, with no difference between interventions. However, a greater effect size was observed for MRT. The correlation between PF and lactate was moderate in three of the four assess- ments. In conclusion, the same intensity zone in RPE may elicit different physiological responses in the two types of RT. Thus, the use of RPE for intensity control under these conditions should be viewed with caution.