Cecilia Colunga-Rodríguez

Diabetes Tipo 2 y Depresión en Guadalajara, México. 2005

OBJECTIVE Determining the prevalence of depression and comparing sociodemographic, metabolic and clinical indicators in depressed and non-depressed people suffering from type 2 diabetes. METHODS A comparative cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 450 people aged over 30 suffering from type 2 diabetes; they had been diagnosed more than one year before and psychopathology had not been determined for them. A modified Zungs scale was applied and a sociodemographic survey carried out. Glucosylated haemoglobin, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and glycemia in fasting were all evaluated. Diagnostic history and clinical state regarding diabetes were recorded. RESULTS There was 63 % depression prevalence in a 3 to 1 ratio, this being greater in women than in men (2,08-4,82 95 %CI, p=0.00). Differences between depressed and non-depressed people were found in schooling, civil state and occupation (p<0.05); differences were not presented with age, just like metabolic variables, except for IMC, diagnostic history and clinical states 3 and 4. No association was found between socio-demographic and clinical metabolic variables by gender (p>0.05); however, diagnostic history and clinical state were associated with gender, the former being associated just with men and the latter with both sexes. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of depression was high in people suffering from diabetes and women were at greater risk. No association was revealed between age and people suffering from diabetes who were depressed, unlike schooling, civil state and occupation; depression was presented more amongst people having a longer diagnostic history of diabetes and greater BMI.

Perfil salud-enfermedad en los trabajadores de una empresa en el valle de México

espanolIntroduccion: Los estudios de salud en el trabajo, abordan puntualmente algun efecto adverso a la salud de los trabajadores. El objetivo es, determinar el perfil salud-enfermedad de los trabajadores de una empresa. Material y metodos: Se realizo un estudio transversal al 90% del personal. Se utilizo el Programa para la Evaluacion y el Seguimiento de la Salud de los Trabajadores, para determinar el perfil salud enfermedad y determinar algunos de sus predictores. Resultados: Se estudiaron a 121 trabajadores. En los trabajadores del almacen, son mayores los riesgos y las exigencias laborales (83%) y las patologias estudiadas (52%). Los sintomas psicosomaticos se incrementan por: ser vendedor b=2.91, con el indice de riesgos y exigencias b=0.11; disminuyen cuando el salario es suficiente b=-2.98, y por contar con otro trabajo b=-2.66 (p Discusion y conclusiones: Los vendedores y administrativos presentan incremento en los sintomas psicosomaticos y tension arterial; a pesar de reportar menos riesgos y exigencias, con relacion a los almacenistas. La satisfaccion salarial y tener otro trabajo, disminuyen los sintomas psicosomaticos en estos trabajadores. EnglishIntroduction: Occupational health studies promptly address some adverse effect on workers health. The aim was to determine the health-disease profile of workers in a company. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 90% of the staff. Program for the Evaluation and Monitoring of Workers Health was used to determine the health-disease profile and to determine some of its predictors. Results: 121 workers were studied. Greater risks and job demands (83%), and pathologies studied (52%) are present in warehouse workers. Psychosomatic symptoms are increased in salesmen b=2.91, with risks and job demand index b=0.11; these decrease when wage is sufficient b=-2.98, and having another job b=-2.66 (p

Saúde Mental Positiva Ocupacional: proposta de modelo teórico para abordagem positiva da saúde mental no trabalho

Propoe-se um modelo teorico para a abordagem da saude mental positiva ocupacional baseado na psicologia positiva, a psicologia ecologica, a salutogenese e o humanismo. O modelo compreende uma estrutura de seis fatores: bem-estar pessoal no trabalho, relacoes interpessoais positivas no trabalho, filosofia da vida laboral, empoderamento no trabalho, fortalezas pessoais no trabalho, e imersao no servico; que e traduzido em quatro dimensoes: cognitiva, socioafetiva, de comportamento e espiritual. Para fundamentar essa proposta, foi realizada uma analise dos dois principais posicionamentos referentes a saude mental: o tradicional, predominantemente negativo, centrado na supressao ou ausencia de doenca, e o positivo, focado na promocao da saude e desenvolvimento de circulos virtuosos. Derivado da analise, encontramos uma postura mista e vazios teoricos que justificam a proposta de um modelo autenticamente positivo. Finalizamos com algumas conclusoes e implicacoes praticas de relevância para esse tema.

Validation of Health Behavior and Stages of Change Questionnaire

Background The transtheoretical model (TTM) has been widely used to promote healthy behaviors in different groups. However, a questionnaire has not yet been developed to evaluate the health behaviors that medical practitioners often consider in individuals with cancer or at a high risk of developing cancer. Purpose The aim of this study was to construct and validate the Health Behavior and Stages of Change Questionnaire (HBSCQ), which is based on the TTM and health recommendations related to risk and factors that protect against cancer. Methods Content validity was conducted in two phases (qualitative and quantitative). Item difficulty index, item discrimination index, and discrimination coefficient were obtained based on the classical test theory. Finally, Cronbach’s alpha was used. Results Measure of concordance showed scores considered adequate and excellent. The item discrimination index obtained a rating of “excellent” and suggested the preservation of all items. The discrimination coefficient scores are >0.74. The global internal consistency of the HBSCQ was 0.384. HBSCQ specification between groups of internal consistency for the sample of men was 0.712 and that for the sample of women was 0.378. Conclusion/implications for practice The HBSCQ represents a proposal for a fast, simple, and innovative screening test, which aims to identify persons who may benefit from interventions to promote health behaviors delimited to the stage of change.

Síntomas Músculo-Esqueléticos en Trabajadores Operativos del Área de Mantenimiento de una Empresa Petrolera Ecuatoriana

Contexto: Al ser considerada la ergonomia como una disciplina de caracter cientifico, que evalua los riesgos ergonomicos en el medio ambiente laboral, puede evitar enfermedades ocupacionales y accidentes del trabajo, contribuyendo a mejorar las condiciones laborales en una organizacion. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de sintomas musculo-esqueleticos en trabajadores operativos del puesto de trabajo mantenimiento de una Empresa Petrolera Ecuatoriana. Metodologia: Se llevo a cabo un estudio transversal en 102 trabajadores de sexo masculino, correspondientes al puesto de trabajo de mantenimiento de una empresa petrolera, situada en una locacion de la Provincia de Sucumbios, durante el ano 2013; la edad comprendida estuvo entre 18 y 49 anos. Para la recoleccion de datos a cada uno de los trabajadores, previo consentimiento informado se aplico: un Cuestionario Socio-Demografico, una Historia Medica Ocupacional y el Cuestionario Nordico Estandarizado. Resultados: La mayor prevalencia de sintomas musculo-esqueleticos, se encuentra en el grupo de trabajadores de entre 30 y 40 anos de edad, en las regiones anatomicas: espalda baja 66 (64,7%), seguido de espalda alta 44 (43,1%), cuello 38 (37,3%) y hombro 27 (26,5%), siendo los mas afectados los puestos de trabajo tecnico-electrico y tecnico-mecanico. La regresion logistica binaria determino que las variables no son estadisticamente significativas y, por lo tanto, por si solas no explican la aparicion de sintomas Musculo-Esqueleticos. Conclusion: Se concluye que existe una elevada prevalencia de sintomas musculo-esqueleticos en la poblacion estudiada, por lo que se recomienda efectuar una evaluacion ergonomica exhaustiva de los puestos de trabajo y posteriormente buscar mecanismos y estrategias de control y prevencion de riesgos ergonomicos, con la finalidad de minimizar el desarrollo de lesiones musculo-esqueleticos en la poblacion de estudio.