Cecilia Guarnieri Batista

Formação de conceitos em crianças cegas: questões teóricas e implicações educacionais

Concept formation depends on language and thought, that promote the integration of information coming from the senses. It is postulated that changes in the person, the objects and events to be known suggest flexible models of concept teaching. It is assumed that the same considerations apply to teaching concepts to blind pupils. Specificities of this process are discussed, including the role of touch as resource, although not as a direct substitute to vision, and the notion of representation as a basis for the elaboration of pedagogical resources for the blind student.

Interação entre crianças com necessidades especiais em contexto lúdico: possibilidades de desenvolvimento

The present study discussed the role of peer interaction, in a free-play situation, to the development of children with special needs. The interactions between visually impaired children (low vision or blindness), most of them with additional organic problems and/or learning difficulties, were observed in a free-play situation. The investigation of episodes which were representative of different abilities of the children lead to the identification of two categories: (a) ways of playing (individually or in group), and (b) kinds of relationships between peers (friendly or agonistic). The analysis pointed to peer interaction as an important contributing factor to the development of children with special needs and suggested that free-play situations can constitute favorable settings for the construction of those interactions.

Verbalizações de alunos de odontologia sobre a inclusão social de pessoas com deficiência

The aim of this study was to assess different ways students of Dentistry express themselves as they are asked questions concerning individuals with disabilities. A questionnaire consisting of examples of inclusive situations was applied prior to and after a teaching module focusing handicapped patients. Answers to the questionnaire were categorized as positive tendency (e.g. approval), negative tendency (e.g. pitiful), or neutral. Also, distinctions were made between the answers focusing on the individual and those focusing on inclusive actions. Results revealed the highest values for positive responsiveness, increasing after the teaching module application. Answers focusing on the individual showed higher values when compared to those regarding inclusive actions. This study emphasizes the contribution of Human Sciences approaches to dental students learning and their preparation to deal with handicapped patients.The aim of this study was to assess different ways students of Dentistry express themselves as they are asked questions concerning individuals with disabilities. A questionnaire consisting of examples of inclusive situations was applied prior to and after a teaching module focusing handicapped patients. Answers to the questionnaire were categorized as positive tendency (e.g. approval), negative tendency (e.g. pitiful), or neutral. Also, distinctions were made between the answers focusing on the individual and those focusing on inclusive actions. Results revealed the highest values for positive responsiveness, increasing after the teaching module application. Answers focusing on the individual showed higher values when compared to those regarding inclusive actions. This study emphasizes the contribution of Human Sciences approaches to dental students learning and their preparation to deal with handicapped patients.

Imagens visuais como recursos pedagógicos na educação de uma adolescente surda: um estudo de caso

O uso de imagens visuais vem sendo ressaltado por Reily como recurso pedagogico no trabalho com criancas surdas. No presente estudo, essa proposta foi testada com uma jovem surda, visando observar possiveis contribuicoes do uso de imagens visuais no processo de aprendizagem dessa jovem, durante os atendimentos em pedagogia, que constituem parte das atividades de que ela participa em clinica-escola especializada. Foram realizadas tres sessoes pedagogicas, com utilizacao sistematica de representacoes visuais (desenho, fotos, pinturas). As sessoes foram filmadas, transcritas e analisadas de modo qualitativo. Os resultados indicaram o desenvolvimento de uma pratica discursiva com dialogos extensos, abordando elementos descritivos e estabelecendo relacoes e inferencias entre os assuntos propostos. O estudo confirmou achados anteriores sobre o efeito facilitador da imagem visual na educacao do surdo e trouxe a discussao sobre as dificuldades de inclusao social dos jovens surdos.

Mediação semiótica: estudo de caso de uma criança cega, com alterações no desenvolvimento

The case of a 4 year old congenitally blind child, with developmental alterations, was analyzed, according to assumptions of constitutive language (Franchi, 1977) and semiotic mediation (Rodriguez & Moro, 1999). Seven sessions of intervention were transcribed and analyzed, comprising a period of two years. The adaptation of the methodology of Rodriguez & Moro allowed the observation of the following aspects: the acquisition of use of objects (from less conventional uses to more conventional uses), the participation in play activities (eg: nursery rhymes) and the appearance of different modes of communication. Different aspects of the adult-child interaction were given significance, expanding the scope of the original proposition in relation to the role of semiotic mediation. The implications of the study to the area of Special Education were discussed.

Indícios de desenvolvimento em crianças com deficiência visual e problemas neurológicos

A literatura aponta que criancas com diagnostico de deficiencia visual e outras deficiencias associadas estao em risco de desenvolvimento. No presente estudo, foram observadas tres criancas com esse perfil (quatro a 10 anos), no contexto de grupos de convivencia, com o intuito de identificar indicios de desenvolvimento e exemplos de apropriacao de praticas sociais. Deu-se destaque aos diferentes usos de objetos, a participacao em atividades e a linguagem como lugares para se observar esses processos. Foi realizado estudo de caso e analise microgenetica. As sessoes semanais foram filmadas e transcritas. Recortou-se o material documentado em episodios que fossem significativos para o proposito do estudo. A analise evidenciou a importância dos processos de significacao na constituicao dos sujeitos. Os resultados foram discutidos em termos de suas implicacoes para programas de intervencao.

Compreensão da sexualidade por jovens com diagnóstico de deficiência intelectual

The study describes the comprehension of concepts about sexuality by youths diagnosed with intellectual deficiency, during classes on sexual education. The analysis of selected episodes from video transcriptions of five classes (Human Body, Kiss, Flirting, Coitus, Condom/STD) showed: the appropriation and understanding of concepts, partial difficulties of comprehension, and inhibition. The analysis of the transcripts indicated that all students were attentive to the classes, participated in the proposed tasks, and answered the questions. The observed signs of inhibition and the expression of values were similar to those observed in other youngsters, indicating the appropriation of culturally established values. The obtained evidences contrast with mythical visions related to sexuality in these youngsters, and suggest more studies about their competences.

Diferentes olhares em relação a uma criança com múltiplos diagnósticos: estabilidade ou possibilidade de mudança?

A atuacao profissional voltada para criancas com problemas de origem orgânica, com prognostico desfavoravel, merece reflexao, por sua relacao com o desenvolvimento psicologico da crianca. Neste trabalho foi realizado o estudo de caso de uma crianca com diagnosticos de problemas orgânicos e queixas de comportamentos agitados e agressivos. Analisou-se sua participacao, durante tres anos, em projeto de intervencao em grupo especializado, com foco em seus modos de participacao e interacoes com parceiros e adultos. Foram identificadas competencias e modalidades cooperativas de participacao, que se tornaram mais diversificadas e complexas ao longo do periodo de observacao. O estudo permitiu uma ampliacao do olhar para as possibilidades e dificuldades da crianca, sugerindo analises mais abrangentes do desenvolvimento de criancas com multiplas queixas. Ressaltou-se a importância da percepcao do outro para a construcao da identidade da crianca, pois e a partir destes olhares que se podera conduzi-la a estabilidade ou a possibilidade de mudanca Abstract

Procurando "botões" de desenvolvimento: avaliação de crianças com deficiência e acentuadas dificuldades de aprendizagem

In search of “buds” of development: assessment procedures of impaired children, with severe learning difficulties. The present study was aimed at the problem of assessment of children diagnosed with primary deficiency and severe learning difficulties, that tend to get low scores in standardized assessment procedures. It was questioned the practice of attribution of bad results to the organic aspects of the deficiency, leading to bad prognoses. Based on Vygotsky’s concept of zone of proximal development, six children were observed along their interactions at the weekly meetings of psycho-educational groups. They were selected due to their low IQs in Verbal WISC test or because they could not be submitted to this kind of assessment. It was possible to identify growing capacities in the children, some times representing the initial steps of acquisition. It was discussed the fact that standardized assessment procedures do not constitute the better setting for the identification of capacities that are in process of acquisition, in the case of children with this profile.

UNDERGRADUATE DENTISTRY STUDENTS ABILITIES IN DEALING WITH NON-COLLABORATIVE CHILDREN

The study aimed the detailed analysis of broad categories of responses to a questionnaire with problem situations in Pediatric dentistry. The results emphasize aspects to be included in dentistry students education.