Celal Irgin

Effects of staining solutions on the discoloration of orthodontic adhesives: An in-vitro study

INTRODUCTION Our aim was to evaluate the effects of staining solutions on the discoloration of orthodontic adhesives. METHODS Six orthodontic adhesives were investigated (Transbond XT [3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif, USA], Heliosit Orthodontic [Ivoclar Vivadent, Liectenstein], Light Bond [Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, IL, USA], Bisco Ortho [Bisco, Schamburg, IL, USA], Quick Cure [Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, IL, USA], and Filtek Supreme XT [3M ESPE, St Paul, Minn, USA]), and 5 beverages (tea, cola, coffee, red wine, and yogurt). Sixty specimens were prepared. Five specimens from each group were stored in each of the 5 staining solutions. The 5 remaining specimens from each group served as the controls and were stored in distilled water. The specimens were immersed in staining solutions and water at 37°C ± 1°C for 5 days. The test period was 25 days. Before and after the test period, color measurements were carried out with a spectrophotometer, and color changes (ΔE∗) were calculated. Statistical differences were evaluated by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey HSD tests. RESULTS Adhesive materials, staining agents, and their interactions were found to play statistically significant roles (P < 0.001) in color changes. Among the adhesive materials, the Light Bond water control group consistently showed the lowest ΔE∗ value for all materials, and the Filtek Supreme XT group showed the highest ΔE∗ value for all materials. After the in-vitro experimental process for staining solutions and water, unsatisfactory color stability was observed for the conventional adhesive systems except for Light Bond, Transbond XT, and Bisco Ortho water control group (ΔE∗ > 3.7), respectively. CONCLUSIONS In esthetically critical areas, discoloration of adhesive materials for fixed orthodontics can cause patient dissatisfaction. Orthodontic composites will discolor from staining beverages during their lifespan.

Bond strength of aged lingual retainers

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine the tensile bond strength (TBS) of two different lingual retainer (LR) composite systems and three LR wires after they were aged by loadcycling and thermocycling. Materials and Methods: A 15 mm length of wire was bonded to the lingual surfaces of pairs of human incisors using two bonding techniques. Seventy-two pairs of incisors were placed into six groups, and loadcycling (50,000 times) and thermocycling (10,000 times) were performed. The failure characteristics examined included the maximum force for debonding and the site of failure. The adhesive remnant index scores were calculated. Data were compared by two-way analysis of variance and Tukey highly significant difference analysis. Results: All groups generally showed statistically significant differences in TBS score (P < 0.05). For each group, the highest average TBS score (P < 0.05) was obtained from a Transbond LR + Remalloy LR combination. The main failure type was a mixed failure. Conclusions: Retainer wire and composite combinations had significant differences. One of the best selection criteria for LRs is the determination of the bond strength needs of a case.

Does stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) have an effect on bone formation in the expanded inter-premaxillary suture?

OBJECTIVE To determine whether systemically given stinging nettle (SN) has an effect on bone formation in response to expansion of the rat inter-premaxillary suture. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 28 male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups: control (C), only expansion (OE), SN extract given only during the expansion and retention periods (SN group; a total of 17days), and SN extract given during the nursery phase before expansion (a period of 40days) and during the expansion and retention periods (N+SN group; a total of 57days). After the 5-day expansion period was completed, the rats in the OE, SN, and N+SN groups underwent 12days of mechanical retention, after which they were sacrificed, and their premaxilla were dissected and fixed. A histologic evaluation was done to determine the number of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and capillaries, as well as the number and intensity of inflammatory cells and new bone formation. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found between the groups in all histologic parameters except the ratio of intensities of inflammatory cells. New bone formation and the number of capillaries were significantly higher in the SN groups than in the other groups. The statistical analysis also showed that the numbers of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and capillaries were highest in the N+SN group. CONCLUSION Systemic administration of SN may be effective in accelerating new bone formation and reducing inflammation in the maxillary expansion procedure. It may also be beneficial in preventing relapse after the expansion procedure.

Artificial 3-D contactless measurement in orthognathic surgery with binocular stereo vision

A learning mechanism eliminating the need of surgeon marking the teeth location.Pre-operative 3-D images trained with artificial methods could aid locate the teeth.The artificial contactless repositioning ensures statistically acceptable accuracy.Help the process of quality inspection throughout the operation.A good alternative to manual measurements which are prone to high error rates. Stereo vision systems are utilized since it provides contactless measurements of objects in 3-D (three-dimensional). Orthognathic surgery is a very sensitive operation that requires very high accuracy in measurements. The reduction of measurement error is an essential problem in orthognathic surgery. Moreover, quality inspection of the process during the course of operation aids the surgeon to avoid or minimize the mitigating circumstances. In this paper, artificial intelligence methods (neural network and neuro-fuzzy system) are used in order to increase the accuracy of positioning of jaws during the real-time practice. The comparison of artificial measurements with the real measurements shows that a statistically acceptable accuracy is achieved in 3-D positioning of teeth.

Effect of Royal Jelly on new bone formation in rapid maxillary expansion in rats

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of long and short term systemic usage of royal jelly on bone formation in the expanded maxillary suture in a rat model. Material and Methods Twenty eight Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups: Control (C); Only Expansion (OE), Royal Jelly (RJ) group, Royal Jelly was given to rats by oral gavage only during the expansion and retention period; Royal Jelly plus Nursery (RJN) group, Royal Jelly was given to rats by oral gavage during their nursery phase of 40 days and during the retention period. After the 5 day expansion period was completed, the rats underwent 12 days of mechanical retention. All rats were sacrificed in same time. Histological examination was performed to determine the number of osteoclasts, number of osteoblasts, number of capillaries, inflammatory cell infiltration, and new bone formation. Results New bone formation, number of osteoclasts, number of osteoblasts, and the number of capillaries in the expanded maxillary sutures were higher in the RJ and RJN groups than in the other groups. Statistical analysis also demonstrated that new bone formation and the number of osteoblasts was also highest in the RJN group. Conclusions The systemic administration of Royal Jelly in conjunction with rapid maxillary expansion may increase the quality of regenerated bone. Key words:Bone formation, rapid maxillary expansion, Royal jelly.

Measuring the optimum lux value for more accurate measurement of stereo vision systems in operating room of Orthognathic surgery

The successful orthognathic surgery is directly influenced by more accurate measurement of distance or size of the surgery area. There exist various methods of measurements during the orthognathic surgery. One of the newest methods is to make measurements by using stereo vision system with stereo cameras. The result of stereo vision is affected by many factors, such as captured image colour, glossiness, ambient light, geometry, etc. One of the most important influence factors is ambient light, especially on measuring distances with the value of microns (10-6 m). The stereo vision systems cameras are also influenced by ambient light and the objective of this paper is to investigate more accurate result of stereo vision according to the ambient light of the orthognathic surgery operation room.

Effects of plasma-emulating light emitting diode (LED) versus conventional LED on cytotoxic effects of orthodontic cements as a function of polymerization capacity.

Objectives: The study was aimed at evaluating, in vitro, cytotoxicity of four resin-based orthodontic cements (RBOC) as a function of degree of conversion (DC) and the light curing unit (LCU) employed on mouse fibroblast (L929). Materials and Methods: Nine samples were manufactured for each group of cements using plasma-emulating light-emitting diode (LED) and conventional LED. Toxicity was assessed by immersing four specimens to culture medium (24 h/37°C) for extracting residual monomer or cytotoxic substance. Cell mitochondrial activity of L929 cell was evaluated using methyl tetrazolium (MTT) test. DC was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for five samples. Results: Cements, LCUs, and interaction between cements and LCUs were found to play a statistically significant role in cytotoxicity (p < 0.0001). Opal band cement (OPAL) plasma LED was found noncytotoxic (90–100% cell viability). The other RBOC–LCU combinations were slightly cytotoxic (60–90% cell viability). Cements (p < 0.01) and LCUs (p < 0.05) had a statistically significant effect on DC. Conversely, interaction between cement and LCU had no statistically significant role on DC (p > 0.05). OPAL plasma LED displayed the highest levels of DC. The correlations between cell viability and DC were positive for three RBOCs. Conclusion: Therefore, high-intensity LCUs can be said to efficiently affect polymerization, so higher DC rates may achieve higher cell viability rates. Clinical Relevance: Cements and LCUs must be matched to each another to result in higher DC and maximal biocompatibility. Dual cure systems presented relatively high cell survival and higher DC, thus expressing superior to single-cure systems with plasma LED.

Effects of plasma-emulating light-emitting diode (LED) versus conventional LED on cytotoxic effects and polymerization capacity of orthodontic composites

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate, the cytotoxicity of orthodontic composites in vitro as a function of degree of conversion (DC) and the light curing units (LCU) employed on mouse fibroblast (L929). Materials and Methods: Cured samples of the composites Light bond (Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, Illinois, USA), Ortho bracket paste (Bisco, Schaumburg, Illinois, USA), Opal bond MV (OPAL, South Jordan, Utah, USA), and Transbond XT (3M, Monrovia, California, USA) were prepared. Polymerization was performed with two LCUs: VALO Ortho (Ultradent, South Jordan, Utah, USA) is a third-generation LCU and Elipar S10 (3M, USA) is a second-generation LCU. Four samples were immersed in cell culture medium to obtain composite extracts. After incubation of L929 cell cultures with the extracts obtained, cytotoxicity was determined using the methyl tetrazolium test. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to evaluate DC for five samples. A multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA), two-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s honestly significant difference test were utilized for statistical analyses. Results: Cytotoxicity and DC of all tested composites (p < 0.001) and the interaction between composites and LCUs (p < 0.01) were significantly different. LCUs had no significant influence on the cytotoxicity and DC of composite materials (p > 0.05). The correlations between cell viability and DC were positive for three composites but statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Composites and LCUs must be matched with one another to result in satisfactory maximal biocompatibility and DC. Opal Bond plasma light-emitting diode combination was a better choice for cell viability. Three composites showed a positive correlation between cytotoxicity and DC. Therefore high-intensity LCUs can be said to efficiently affect polymerization, and so, higher DC rates may achieve higher cell viability rates.

Periodontally Accelerated Molar Distalization With Miniscrew Assisted Memory Screw: A Pilot Study

ABSTRACT Objective: To examine the treatment effects of a miniscrew assisted memory screw system supported by piezoincision for the noncompliance molar distalization of maxillary first molars in patients with Class II malocclusion. Materials and Method: Nine subjects with skeletal Class I dental Class II malocclusion were treated. An anchorage unit was prepared using two miniscrew that were placed just behind a line connecting the first premolars at the mesial contact point. The memory expansion screw (500 g), and two miniscrews placed parallel to the occlusal plane provided stable, 4-point support for the appliance. Piezoincision was performed immediately after the appliance as cemented. Four midlevel incisions were made under local anesthesia between the roots of the teeth on the buccal side of the maxillary alveolar bone from the mesial first premolar to the second molar. A 3-mm piezoelectrical corticotomy was then performed by inserting the tip of Piezotome into each of these openings. Screw activatio...

Isolated oligodontia in monozygotic twins.

This case report defines a case of isolated oligodontia of 9 and 10 permanent teeth in 9-year-old monozygotic twin sisters and gives information about the possible genetic and environmental etiology, related dental anomalies and treatment options. The twins have a negative family history of hypodontia and oligodontia in their parents, as well as their paternal and maternal grandmothers and first cousins. No other dental anomalies could be detected in either of the twins. With the occurrence of similarly located tooth agenesis, except for one tooth, in monozygotic twins, one may consider the influence of genetic and/or environmental factors in their etiology. Hereditary relationships associated with oligodontia could help the clinicians to predict the possibility of its occurrence in other family members and in the next generations. However, clinicians should consider oligodontia when it is not hereditary.