Celalettin Özdemir

Nickel Adsorption on the Modified Pine Tree Materials

Removal of nickel ions from aqueous solutions containing 1-100 mg l−1, using pine tree (Pinus nigra) materials modified with HCl, was investigated on a laboratory scale. For this purpose, two natural adsorbents such as the modified pine bark (MPB) and the modified pine cone (MPC) materials with HCl solution were studied. At first, the required concentration level of the HCl solution for the modification was observed, and then this was followed by the determinations of optimum levels of adsorbent amount, stirring rate, contact time and pH values. Various adsorption isotherms were also obtained by using different concentrations of the heavy metal cations tested in the experiment. As a result, the maximum removal efficiency levels obtained were as follows; 97 % for the modified pine bark at pH 8 and 80 % for the modified pine cone at pH 8.

Effect of Mnso4 on the Chromium Removal from the Leather Industry Wastewater

Chromium (VI) is one of the heavy metals in water and wastewater that has the most toxic characteristic. Consequently, it is dangerous for human and environmental health. Various methods are used for removal of the chromium from wastewater, and new methods have been developed in recent years. Recent studies and investigations on the removal of environmental pollution selected methods that were economical, of optimum efficiently and could be carried out easily. In this study, the removal of Cr6+ in the leather industry wastewater is investigated using MnSO4 that was used easily and economically. Experimental studies are performed in two phases. In the first phase, the optimum MnSO4 dose for removal of Cr6+ was determined. In the second phase, the optimum pH was studied. About 96% removal of chromium was launched with 530 mg l−1 MnSO4 dose at pH value 9 in the wastewater sample.

Removal of Trichloroethylene (TCE) in up Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactors (UASB)

ABSTRACT Low concentrations of chlorinated aliphatic compounds may be found in wastewater and contaminated soils from different industrial sources and in the air arising from these sources. Low levels of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)s can be removed by adsorption, incineration and biofiltration methods. These methods have some disadvantages, such as low removal efficiency or high operation costs. Chlorine has been removed from the chlorinated aliphatic compounds by anaerobic conditions. The aim of this research was the investigation of biological treatment of VOCs in high flow speed reactors. The resistance capacity of micro-organisms was investigated in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) with automated control system, by feeding with co-substrate additions, by loading different ratios of organic matter, varying hydraulic retention time (HRT), maintaining stable concentrations of COD and Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA), pH, alkalinity, temperature (35°C) etc. during the anaerobic treatment. Glucose, sodium sulphate, calcium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, potassium phosphate and methanol were used as the co-substrates. In these studies the removal rates of TCE were approximately 86.4–90.0%. The decomposition ratios were calculated for TCE as 0,231 mg g−1 VSS d−1. The highest methane ratio in the obtained biogas was 67.8% for TCE. Also, inhibition concentrations (IC) in 24 hours were determined as IC50; 31.1 and IC25; 9.9.

Methane Production from Anaerobic Treatment of Volatile Organic Compounds (Voc)

Worldwide increasing energy problems guided to workers to find new and renewable energy sources. There are many new studies on energy investigation using different materials and technology. These studies were quite important for continuing development, comfortable life and industrial improvement. This investigation is considerable for removal of volatile organic compounds (VOC) frequently found in many wastewaters and methane production behind the wastewater treatment. The study performed in the up flow anaerobic condition sludge blanket (UASB) rectors. Used VOCs are trichloroethylene, chloroform, dichloromethane and tetrachlorethylene. Removal ratio of these compounds were 87.8% trichloroethylene (TCE), 96.5% chloroform (CF), 67.1% dichloromethane (DCM) and 97.3% tetrachlorethylene (PCE). Methane ratios in the gas production were 67.1% for trichloroethylene (TCE), 72.4% for chloroform (CF), 69.6% dichloromethane (DCM) and 69.8% tetrachlorethylene (PCE).

Assessing eco-toxicological effects of industrial 2,4-D acid iso-octylester herbicide on rat pancreas and liver

Abstract We studied the eco-toxic and carcinogenic effects of a commonly used 2,4-D acid iso-octylester herbicide on rat liver and pancreas. The rats in Group 1 were fed a standard feed and the rats in Group 2 were fed with standard feed to which was added 200 mg/kg/day 2,4-D acid iso-octylester for 16 weeks. Azaserine, 30 mg/kg/body weight, was injected into rats of Groups 3 and 4 to investigate the effects of 2,4-D acid iso-octylester on the development of neoplasms. After feeding the rats with neoplasms in Group 4 with food including 200 mg/kg/day 2,4-D acid iso-octylester for 16 weeks, an autopsy was carried out on all animals. We found that 2,4-D acid iso-octylester caused the formation of atypical cell foci (ACF) in the pancreata and livers of rats. ACF that were formed experimentally by exposure to azaserine had increased diameter, volume and number of atypical cell foci/mm2 and mm3 after exposure to 2,4-D acid iso-octylester. Our observations indicated that this herbicide potentially is a cancer initiator.