Sukru Dursun

Activation of pine cone using Fenton oxidation for Cd(II) and Pb(II) removal

This paper describes activation of pine cone with Fenton reagent and determines the removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution. Changes of the surface properties of adsorbent materials were determined by the FT-IR and SEM analysis after activation of pine cone. The effect of Fe(2+)/H(2)O(2) ratio, ORP, pH and contact time were determined. Different adsorption isotherms were also obtained using concentrations of heavy metal ions ranging from 0.1 to 150mgL(-1). The adsorption process follows pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics and follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The study discusses thermodynamic parameters, including changes in Gibbs free energy, entropy, and enthalpy, for the adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) on activated cone, and revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic under natural conditions. The maximum removal efficiencies were obtained as 91% and 89% at pH 7 with 90 and 105-min contact time for Cd(II) and Pb(II), respectively.

Nickel Adsorption on the Modified Pine Tree Materials

Removal of nickel ions from aqueous solutions containing 1-100 mg l−1, using pine tree (Pinus nigra) materials modified with HCl, was investigated on a laboratory scale. For this purpose, two natural adsorbents such as the modified pine bark (MPB) and the modified pine cone (MPC) materials with HCl solution were studied. At first, the required concentration level of the HCl solution for the modification was observed, and then this was followed by the determinations of optimum levels of adsorbent amount, stirring rate, contact time and pH values. Various adsorption isotherms were also obtained by using different concentrations of the heavy metal cations tested in the experiment. As a result, the maximum removal efficiency levels obtained were as follows; 97 % for the modified pine bark at pH 8 and 80 % for the modified pine cone at pH 8.

Effect of Mnso4 on the Chromium Removal from the Leather Industry Wastewater

Chromium (VI) is one of the heavy metals in water and wastewater that has the most toxic characteristic. Consequently, it is dangerous for human and environmental health. Various methods are used for removal of the chromium from wastewater, and new methods have been developed in recent years. Recent studies and investigations on the removal of environmental pollution selected methods that were economical, of optimum efficiently and could be carried out easily. In this study, the removal of Cr6+ in the leather industry wastewater is investigated using MnSO4 that was used easily and economically. Experimental studies are performed in two phases. In the first phase, the optimum MnSO4 dose for removal of Cr6+ was determined. In the second phase, the optimum pH was studied. About 96% removal of chromium was launched with 530 mg l−1 MnSO4 dose at pH value 9 in the wastewater sample.

Biodesulfurization of Cayirhan Lignites

In this study, the lignite was improved oxidizing sulfur compounds by Thiobacillus thiooxidans and Thiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria. Experiments in the batch reactors have been carried out 20% aqueous suspension of coal samples. Sugar beet molasses was used as the bacterial substrate. The maximum removal of combustible sulfur was obtained as 78.2% under the following conditions; addition 5% of T. thiooxidans and 5% T. ferrooxidans into coal suspension, 0.2 g molasses/g coal change, pH value of 3, at shaking rate of 70 rpm and at 40°C for 5 days.

Removal of Trichloroethylene (TCE) in up Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactors (UASB)

ABSTRACT Low concentrations of chlorinated aliphatic compounds may be found in wastewater and contaminated soils from different industrial sources and in the air arising from these sources. Low levels of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)s can be removed by adsorption, incineration and biofiltration methods. These methods have some disadvantages, such as low removal efficiency or high operation costs. Chlorine has been removed from the chlorinated aliphatic compounds by anaerobic conditions. The aim of this research was the investigation of biological treatment of VOCs in high flow speed reactors. The resistance capacity of micro-organisms was investigated in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) with automated control system, by feeding with co-substrate additions, by loading different ratios of organic matter, varying hydraulic retention time (HRT), maintaining stable concentrations of COD and Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA), pH, alkalinity, temperature (35°C) etc. during the anaerobic treatment. Glucose, sodium sulphate, calcium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, potassium phosphate and methanol were used as the co-substrates. In these studies the removal rates of TCE were approximately 86.4–90.0%. The decomposition ratios were calculated for TCE as 0,231 mg g−1 VSS d−1. The highest methane ratio in the obtained biogas was 67.8% for TCE. Also, inhibition concentrations (IC) in 24 hours were determined as IC50; 31.1 and IC25; 9.9.

Methane Production from Anaerobic Treatment of Volatile Organic Compounds (Voc)

Worldwide increasing energy problems guided to workers to find new and renewable energy sources. There are many new studies on energy investigation using different materials and technology. These studies were quite important for continuing development, comfortable life and industrial improvement. This investigation is considerable for removal of volatile organic compounds (VOC) frequently found in many wastewaters and methane production behind the wastewater treatment. The study performed in the up flow anaerobic condition sludge blanket (UASB) rectors. Used VOCs are trichloroethylene, chloroform, dichloromethane and tetrachlorethylene. Removal ratio of these compounds were 87.8% trichloroethylene (TCE), 96.5% chloroform (CF), 67.1% dichloromethane (DCM) and 97.3% tetrachlorethylene (PCE). Methane ratios in the gas production were 67.1% for trichloroethylene (TCE), 72.4% for chloroform (CF), 69.6% dichloromethane (DCM) and 69.8% tetrachlorethylene (PCE).

Copper (II) Removal from Water by Natural Zeolites

Clinoptilolite adsorption capacity as a natural matter of the copper (II) ions from artificial polluted water was investigated in this study. In the experimental studies, zeolite mineral which is 25–140 mesh size was used by activating with 0.1 M HCl, and copper ion removal efficiencies were determined. Experiences that were under batch condition were studied at different pH values, temperatures and shaking speeds. In the studies, at different pH’s; maximum efficiency was found as about 87% at pH 5. Similarly, experiments were carried out at different temperature values, and the maximum efficiency was obtained at 30°C. The efficiency obtained under these conditions is 89.95%. The highest copper removal efficiency was obtained at 200 rpm, and the removal efficiency was measured as 89.62%.

Phytoremediation of Metal Industry Wastewaters: A Review

Metals are found in the environment in many forms and extracted in several different countries. Especially chromium IV is considered as carcinogenic and may lead to health problems such as allergic reactions, nose irritations and nosebleed, weakened immune system, genetic material alteration, stomach ulcer, kidney and liver function disorders and death.

Some air pollution indicators in city of Tirana, Albania

The problematic of the stable development is very wide. Recognition of ecological aspects of stable development composes a guarantee of health in ecosystems and especially for the community. The monitoring of the air that is carried out in Tirana shows that the most important polluters continue to be the total dust LGS and respiratory dust PM 10. The average quantity of lead in the monitored air drops has been increased from 0.19 μgm −3 to 0.29 μgm −3 , i.e., an amount of 50 Pb that is constantly increasing in the content of urban air almost in all monitored places of the country. Many sources of air pollution have always existed.