Célia Cristina Clemente Machado

Análise quantitativa de parâmetros biofísicos de bacia hidrográfica obtidos por sensoriamento remoto

The objective of this work was to quantitatively evaluate the biophysical parameters, obtained by remote sensing, for the range area of the Tapacura River Basin, in Pernambuco state, Brazil. Landsat 5‑TM images of 7/10/1989, 7/6/2005, and 8/29/2007 were used. The images were registered with a polynomial geometric correction of first order. Radiometric calibration, reflectance, transmittance and planetary albedo were calculated and, subsequently, thematic maps of surface albedo, surface temperature and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) were generated. The surface albedo showed increasing average values between the 1989 and 2005 images, which indicates the urban territorial expansion. The image of 8/29/2007 showed the highest land surface temperature, followed by the temperatures showed in the images of 7/10/1989 and 7/6/2005, and the highest values were those of the urban networks. The 1989 image showed the highest average value for EVI, which indicates that there was a higher vegetation presence in that date.

Estimativa do balanço de energia utilizando imagens TM - Landsat 5 e o algoritmo SEBAL no litoral sul de Pernambuco

The energy exchange across soil vegetation-atmosphere interface through the net radiation components (Rn) the soil heat flux (G), sensible heat flux (H) and latent heat flux (LE) are of vital importance for the climatic and hydrologic modeling, which affects all biosphere. The main objectives of this research are: (1) to estimate and compare the several energy balance components behavior, using SEBAL algorithm, under different soil usages; and (2) to validate SEBAL algorithm. In order to make the analysis, three TM - Landsat 5 images, from orbit and point 214/066, of August 26th 2006, September 6th 2010 and January 28th 2011, covering the South Coast of Pernambuco State (Brazil) were used. The results showed the ability of SEBAL to estimate the spatial variability of the different components of energy balance, with the ability to distinguish different soil occupations. The calculation of the energy balance components allows to figure the different forms of energy usages by different soil coverage and to find those that provide better thermal comfort. Estimates of evapotranspiration obtained by the algorithm SEBAL showed a good agreement with the results obtained by the FAO-Penman-Monteith, thus demonstrating the potential of this methodological approach.

Determinação por sensoriamento remoto da produtividade primária bruta do perímetro irrigado São Gonçalo - PB

ABSTRACT: ASSESSMENT OF GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION - GPP IN THE IRRIGATED PERIMETER SAO GONCALO - PB USING REMOTE SENSINGThe Gross Primary Production (GPP) assessment and monitoring by remote sensing is of crucial importance in the climate changes studies given its direct connection to the effectively extracted carbon from the atmosphere by numerous earth ecosystems. The present work aims to assess the GPP in a Brazilian semi-arid irrigated area, using TM – Landsat 5 images and complementary surface meteorological data. Cloudless TM images were acquired from the year 2008 and were used to obtain daily GPP for five selected days. This model expresses GPP as a function of the absorbed photosynthetic active radiation and the efficiency of light use by vegetation. A comparison is made between the obtained results with TM images and GPP from MOD17A2. The difference between GPP values obtained by the two techniques resulted in an Average Absolute Difference - AAD of 0.91 g C m -2 dia -1 , an Average Percentage Difference - APD of 11.82% and Root Square Mean Difference - RSMD of 1.12 g C m

Índice de umidade (NDWI) e análise espaço-temporal do albedo da superfície da bacia hidrográfica do rio Moxotó-PE

O sensoriamento remoto permite o monitoramento espaco-temporal dos recursos naturais em diversas partes do mundo de maneira eficiente e sistematica, vindo a apresentar grande auxilio nas areas de agricultura, silvicultura, bem como em previsoes meteorologicas e hidrologicas. Deste modo, diversos indices tem se apresentado mais recorrentemente na literatura, como os indices de vegetacao e do albedo superficial. Considerando as grandes mudancas espaco-temporais ocorridas em bacias hidrograficas e a influencia destas mudancas no ciclo hidrologico das mesmas, este estudo objetiva avaliar mudancas ocorridas espaco-temporalmente na bacia hidrografica do rio Moxoto-PE, aplicando o NDWI e albedo da superficie, obtidos com imagens orbitais. Foram utilizadas imagens dos satelites Landsat 5 e 7, orbita-ponto 215-66 datadas em 09 de maio de 1987, 20 de abril de 1992, 15 de maio de 2001, 11 de abril de 2003 (ETM+), 02 de maio de 2008 e 24 de maio de 2010, alem de dados de radar SRTM, dados meteorologicos e mapa de uso e cobertura do solo da referida bacia. O Indice de Umidade (NDWI) complementou as cartas de albedo da superficie na analise multitemporal das mudancas de uso e cobertura do solo, auxiliando os planejadores publicos no gerenciamento do uso e cobertura do solo de bacias hidrograficas. A grande variabilidade na quantidade e periodicidade da precipitacao indica que o Indice de Umidade e o albedo da superficie detectam grandes mudancas na resposta espectral dos alvos em estudo. A elaboracao de perfis do albedo da superficie e do Indice de Umidade auxiliou na avaliacao e entendimento do comportamento dos alvos na bacia hidrografica do rio Moxoto, tornando possivel observar grande destaque para as areas com corpos hidricos, agricultura irrigada e vegetacao de porte arboreo fechado, e valores de umidade mais elevados.

Influence of urbanization on land surface temperature in Recife city

Urbanization has caused significant environmental impacts, replacing natural surfaces by buildings, decreasing green vegetated areas, soil sealing and atmospheric pollution which contribute to increase the land surface temperature in such areas. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the influence of urbanization on land surface temperature (Ts) in Recife city - Pernambuco (PE), in Brazil, using the Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor images from Landsat 5 satellite. To perform the study, images of August 4, 1998 and September 6, 2010 were obtained and processed to generate Ts thematic maps of Recife-PE and of two districts of this city (Curado and Casa Amarela), in order to analyze the transformation dynamics that has occurred in the area. Through the profile produced for the study area, a spatial and temporal increase of the Ts surface was noticeable in the suburb-downtown direction: 6°C of difference between these areas. The Casa Amarela district, with high urban concentration, presented the highest Ts values observed (>27°C).

Gross primary production using related vegetation indices

The assessment of carbon dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems is of great importance in global climate change research. Caatinga is an exclusively Brazilian biome, and quite lacking in studies, particularly of carbon sequestered by biome. A major difficulty for studies is a function of no observation data in micrometeorological station. The hyperspectral and multispectral remote sensing become increasingly feasible to evaluate the dynamics of carbon in ecosystems, in particular in this Caatinga study area. The objective of this study was to apply correlation analysis and multiple regression to find a relationship between gross primary production (GPP) and vegetation cover index in the Caatinga biome, located in vicinities of Petrolina city, Pernambuco State, Brazil. It was used a HandHeldFieldSpec of ASD to obtain the reflectance data of plant canopy and the vegetation indices. The GPP data were obtained in micrometeorological tower installed into a preserved area of Caatinga biome. The results showed that those vegetation indexes which take water into consideration presented higher correlation with GPP, r2=0.95. We conclude that it is possible to obtain GPP using only data of vegetation indexes estimated with remote sensing.

Relationship between Vegetation Indices and Canopy Chlorophyll in GPP Estimation

Recent research has demonstrated the importance and practicality of using remote sensing techniques to estimate Gross Primary Production (GPP). The Caatinga comprises a huge biological diversity. However, there are few studies to identify their ability to fix carbon what make then even more necessary in the context of climate scenarios projected for the end of this century. The study objectives to compare relationship between vegetation indices: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Chorophyll Index (CI) with GPP. We used a plant canopy in a preserved area of Caatinga biome and then we calculated the vegetation indices. The results showed that CI (r2 = 0.92) has a higher correlation with GPP than NDVI (r2= 0.20). This result is an agreement with other surveys conducted recently. Then, we concluded that the rate of chlorophyll has shown to be optimal for GPP estimation.

Identification of heat islands in Campina Grande City-PB using Remote Sensing

The intense urbanization causes several problems of environmental, climate and social nature. The unplanned growth of urban population and the vegetation removal are factors that deepen these problems. Temperatures in the city are significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities. Large spatial changes in urban areas promote significant increase in temperature, causing the so-called Urban Heat Island effect (UHI). Campina Grande is a mediumsized town that experienced an uncontrolled growth since the time of the cotton trade and like any large or medium-sized city, undergoes changes in its space. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze surface temperature spatial and temporal variability and to detect potential UHI, through remote sensing techniques. Spectral images from Landsat 5 and 8 satellites were used. Using images from years 1995, 2007 and 2014, considerable increases in temperature were identified and two UHI were recognize. Campina Grande shows a trend pattern: the urban unplanned growth is responsible for changes in the physical environment and in the form and spatial structure of the city, reflecting on people quality of life.

Classificação Geomorfológica dos Estuários do Estado de Pernambuco (Brasil) com Base em Imagens do LANDSAT 5/TM (Geomorphologic Classification of Estuaries of the State of Pernambuco (Brazil) Based on Landsat 5 TM Images)

O presente estudo visou classificar os quinze estuarios do Estado de Pernambuco, adotando como base as caracteristicas geomorfologicas. A base de dados utilizada para a classificacao foram imagens de satelites do Landsat 5-TM. Foram realizadas analises visuais das imagens de satelite e posteriormente efetuados trabalhos de campo com o intuito de validar as interpretacoes realizadas. Na zona costeira pernambucana os estuarios classificam-se como: Planicie Costeira (vale inundado), Formado por Barras e por Outros Processos. As interacoes espaco-temporal dos processos ambientais durante o Quaternario foram de fundamental importância para a atual configuracao das areas estuarinas classificadas, tendo em vista que tectonismo, erosao e sedimentacao recorrente das regressoes e transgressoes marinhas foram processos recursivos durante a formacao dos estuarios e que deixaram registros na paisagem. Foram definidos como planicie costeira os estuarios do Goiana/Megao, Jaguaribe, Paratibe, Maracaipe, Sirinhaem e Formoso. Do tipo construido pro barra tem-se o Timbo, Beberibe, Jaboatao/Pirapama, Mamucabas/Ilhetas e Una. Estuarios tipo ria sao os de Itapessoca e Canal de Santa Cruz, enquanto os de laguna costeira sao o Ipojuca e o Capibaribe. Palavras-chave: Estuarios, Zona Costeira Pernambucana, Quaternario Geomorphologic Classification of Estuaries of the State of Pernambuco (Brazil) Based on Landsat 5 TM Images ABSTRACT This study aimed to classify the fifteen estuaries of the State of Pernambuco-Brazil, using as base the geomorphological characteristics. The database used for the classification were satellite images of Landsat-5 TM. Were performed visual analysis of satellite images and were later made field work to validate the interpretations made. In the coastal zone of Pernambuco are found three classifications of estuaries: coastal plain (the flood plain), formed by bars and other processes. The space-time interactions of environmental processes during the Quaternary were of fundamental importance to the current configuration of estuarine areas classified in order to tectonics, erosion and sedimentation of the applicant marine transgressions and regressions were recursive processes during the formation of estuaries and left records in the landscape. Were defined as the coastal plain estuaries of Goiana/Megao, Jaguaribe, Paratibe, Olinda, Sirinhaem and Formoso. Type built by bar has the Timbo, Beberibe, Jaboatao/Pirapama, Mamucaba/Ilhetas and Una. Estuaries are the kind of laughed Itapessoca and Channel and Santa Cruz, while the coastal lagoon and are Ipojuca and Capibaribe. Key-words: Estuary, coastal Pernambuco, quaternary