Janaina Barbosa da Silva

Identification of heat islands in Campina Grande City-PB using Remote Sensing

The intense urbanization causes several problems of environmental, climate and social nature. The unplanned growth of urban population and the vegetation removal are factors that deepen these problems. Temperatures in the city are significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities. Large spatial changes in urban areas promote significant increase in temperature, causing the so-called Urban Heat Island effect (UHI). Campina Grande is a mediumsized town that experienced an uncontrolled growth since the time of the cotton trade and like any large or medium-sized city, undergoes changes in its space. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze surface temperature spatial and temporal variability and to detect potential UHI, through remote sensing techniques. Spectral images from Landsat 5 and 8 satellites were used. Using images from years 1995, 2007 and 2014, considerable increases in temperature were identified and two UHI were recognize. Campina Grande shows a trend pattern: the urban unplanned growth is responsible for changes in the physical environment and in the form and spatial structure of the city, reflecting on people quality of life.

DOENÇAS DE VEICULAÇÃO HÍDRICA: DADOS EPIDEMIOLÓGICOS, CONDIÇÕES DE ABASTECIMENTO E ARMAZENAMENTO DA ÁGUA EM MASSARANDUBA/PB

POLLINATOR FORAGING STRATEGY IN Galactia peduncularis (BENTH.) TAUB. (LEGUMINOSAE: PAPILIONOIDEA) IN THE PARQUE ESTADUAL DA SERRA DE CALDAS NOVAS BRAZIL The way the animals look for food is an important characteristic of their behavior. The optimal foraging theory is based on the existence of a balance between costs and benefits of these behavioral decisions. The present study aimed to evaluate the behavior of the pollinator in response to increased availability of floral resources. The experiment was conducted in a recently burned Cerrado area (Campo rupestre) in the State Park of Serra de Caldas Novas , located in the municipalities of Caldas Novas and Rio Quente Brazil. The species chosen to test our hypothesis was Galactia peduncularis (Benth.) Taub. (Leguminosae: Papilionoidea). 17 pairs of specimens were selected with a number of flowers, and the individuals of each pair were spaced by about 2m. In these pairs, one of them was considered the focal, and the other, the isolated. To test possible differences in pollination between isolated plants and focus, we performed two randomization tests: a test binary (TB), where all pairs were analyzed and verified the number of times where the focus on the individual floral visits were higher than the number of visits in isolated. According to the data analyzed, floral visitors preferred to use plants that could provide a greater amount of floral resources so that the number of visitors varied positively with the increment of flowers. Plants with many flowers can provide a greater amount of food in one location so that visitors do not need to flower around for long distances in search of meeting their energy needs.

Environmental characterization of sub-basin of the river Taperoá - Paraíba

Tem-se por bacia hidrografica toda area drenada por um rio principal e seus afluentes. Essa formacao e originada a partir de desniveis nos terrenos que orientam os cursos da agua. A topografia, o regime pluvial, as atividades antropicas, a vegetacao e outros fatores inseridos nela, necessitam de analises e acompanhamentos constantes, objetivando medidas que viabilizem o uso racional dos recursos hidricos, em termos de qualidade e quantidade. Diante dessa perspectiva e reconhecido que o Sensoriamento Remoto se configura como importante ferramenta de analise. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se caracterizar a superficie da sub-bacia do rio Taperoa – PB, referentes a cobertura vegetal, relevo e drenagem. Essa acao objetivou sanar a carencia de dados fisicos relativos a Subbacia, bem como, a necessidade do reconhecimento geografico, visando a preservacao e manutencao ambiental da Sub-bacia, utilizando imagem multiespectral proveniente do satelite Landsat 8, sensor OLI e imagens SRTM. Nesse sentido, constatou-se que a sub-bacia do rio Taperoa esta inserida em 26 municipios paraibanos. No que diz respeito a geomorfologia, a area apresenta uma estrutura uniforme, com formas tabulares, na grande maioria da area, e pequenos trechos classificados com formacao convexas e agucadas e a predominância de uma larga superficie com declives muito suaves e areas aplainadas. Desse modo, constatou-se um relevo com altimetria media de 684 metros acima do nivel do mar, variando entre 375 e 993 metros e de drenagem denditrica. Por fim, de acordo com a estimativa da vegetacao para o ano de 2015, verificou-se que grande parte da Sub-bacia foi classificada como Solo Exposto. Abstract It has been a watershed entire area drained by a main river and its tributaries. This training is derived from unevenness on the grounds that guide the courses of water. The topography, rainfall patterns, human activities, vegetation and other factors entered into it, need analysis and constant monitoring, aimed at measures that enable the rational use of water resources, in terms of quality and quantity. Given this perspective is recognized that remote sensing is configured as an important analysis tool. This study aimed to characterize the surface of the sub-basin of the river Taperoa - PB, related to vegetation, topography and drainage. This aimed to remedy the lack of data on it, as well as the need for geographical recognition of this, aimed at environmental preservation and maintenance of the Basin using multispectral image from the Landsat 8, OLI sensor and SRTM images. In this sense, it was found that the sub-basin of the river Taperoa is inserted in 26 cities in Paraiba. With regard to the geomorphology, the area presents a uniform structure, with tabular form in most of the area and classified small portions with convex and sharpened formation and predominance of a large surface with very gentle slopes and flattened areas. Thus, there was a relief with an average altitude of 684 meters above sea level, ranging between 375 and 993 meters and dendritic drainage. Finally, according to the estimate of vegetation for the year 2015, it was found that much of the Sub-basin was classified as Soil Exposed.

Detection of Spread Fire at the Mesoregion of Paraíba Backwoods

The spread fire is an early agricultural technique widely used in Brazil; such technique causes serious harm to environment as well as damage to human health. Knowledge of spread fire cause and their localization is important for taking preventive measures. In Brazil, the National Institute of Spatial Research (INPE) manages the spread fire by detecting heat spots. The objective of this research was to identify the main heat spots over the mesoregion of Paraiba backwoods’ at the year of 2014. It was used heat spots’ data captured by the MODIS sensor, which is onboard of the AQUA_M-T satellite. It was registered heat spots in 56 of 83 cities inside the backwoods’ mesoregion, summing up to 304 heat spots. The occurrence of spread fire huddled mainly between July and December, months of drought in the studied area, therefore, it was concluded that the phenomenon is a product of the climate features which act simultaneously together with human deed related mainly to agriculture, where the fire is used by farmers as a tool for handling animal husbandry.

Solos-relevo e áreas agrícolas: correlações com a degradação de solos nos brejos de altitude da Paraíba

Brejos de altitude sao refugios ecologicos (ilhas) de elevada umidade, encontrados nos estados de Alagoas, Pernambuco, Paraiba, Rio grande do Norte e Ceara, privilegiados com caracteristicas geossistemicas superiores, entre as quais, no brejo de altitude de Areia-PB, os solos e o relevo constituem elementos importantes dentro de uma paisagem agraria em estado de degradacao de solos. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa usa o Geoprocessamento e o trabalho de campo e tem por objetivos: classificar e analisar as interacoes pedo-gemorfologicas do brejo de altitude de Areia (PB), e identificar e discutir os usos e ocupacoes no Municipio, com um enfoque na degradacao de solos. Os resultados demonstram a estreita relacao historica de ocupacao ligada a paisagem formada por Areas de Preservacao Permanentes e transformacao destas em areas agricolas monocultoras e esporadicas nas duas Unidades Morfo-pedogenicas: Solos Maduros, que abrange o Argissolo vermelho-amarelos eutrofico e o Nitossolo. E Unidade Solos Jovens, que abrange o Neossolo distrofico e o Luvissolo. O entendimento do Meio e das propriedades dos solos, de acordo com a sua capacidade de uso e o primeiro passo de um planejamento agricola e uso ecologico, numa escala espaco-temporal infinito. Assim entre as principais praticas que poderiam ser adotadas para conservacao dos solos no municipio de Areia estao: reestabelecimento da vegetacao nas APPs, como Topos de morros, encostas ingremes, entorno das nascentes e margens dos cursos d’agua, rotacao de culturas para pousio e plantio em curvas de nivel para evitar processos erosivos.

AS DINÂMICAS RURAIS NO CONTEXTO DO DESENVOLVIMENTO:ESTUDO DE CASO DO ASSENTAMENTO CÍCERO ROMANA I - PARAÍBA

The rural settlements arise as a territorially defined space for presenting objectives linked to subjects socially excluded from the capitalist production process. Therefore, this search aimed to conduct a case study about the inhibitory conditions perceived by nesting population Cicero Roman I in the municipality of EsperancaPB. Therefore, the following qualitative procedures took place: a) photographic survey; b) participant observation; c) Individual interviews. As a methodological resource was used the techniques of Participatory Rural Appraisal-DRP. From this research were identified several suggestions for improvement in the settlement, such as basic sanitation and piped water supply. As for the problem dissatisfaction identified himself reveals the intention to leave the site in the future.

Classificação Geomorfológica dos Estuários do Estado de Pernambuco (Brasil) com Base em Imagens do LANDSAT 5/TM (Geomorphologic Classification of Estuaries of the State of Pernambuco (Brazil) Based on Landsat 5 TM Images)

O presente estudo visou classificar os quinze estuarios do Estado de Pernambuco, adotando como base as caracteristicas geomorfologicas. A base de dados utilizada para a classificacao foram imagens de satelites do Landsat 5-TM. Foram realizadas analises visuais das imagens de satelite e posteriormente efetuados trabalhos de campo com o intuito de validar as interpretacoes realizadas. Na zona costeira pernambucana os estuarios classificam-se como: Planicie Costeira (vale inundado), Formado por Barras e por Outros Processos. As interacoes espaco-temporal dos processos ambientais durante o Quaternario foram de fundamental importância para a atual configuracao das areas estuarinas classificadas, tendo em vista que tectonismo, erosao e sedimentacao recorrente das regressoes e transgressoes marinhas foram processos recursivos durante a formacao dos estuarios e que deixaram registros na paisagem. Foram definidos como planicie costeira os estuarios do Goiana/Megao, Jaguaribe, Paratibe, Maracaipe, Sirinhaem e Formoso. Do tipo construido pro barra tem-se o Timbo, Beberibe, Jaboatao/Pirapama, Mamucabas/Ilhetas e Una. Estuarios tipo ria sao os de Itapessoca e Canal de Santa Cruz, enquanto os de laguna costeira sao o Ipojuca e o Capibaribe. Palavras-chave: Estuarios, Zona Costeira Pernambucana, Quaternario Geomorphologic Classification of Estuaries of the State of Pernambuco (Brazil) Based on Landsat 5 TM Images ABSTRACT This study aimed to classify the fifteen estuaries of the State of Pernambuco-Brazil, using as base the geomorphological characteristics. The database used for the classification were satellite images of Landsat-5 TM. Were performed visual analysis of satellite images and were later made field work to validate the interpretations made. In the coastal zone of Pernambuco are found three classifications of estuaries: coastal plain (the flood plain), formed by bars and other processes. The space-time interactions of environmental processes during the Quaternary were of fundamental importance to the current configuration of estuarine areas classified in order to tectonics, erosion and sedimentation of the applicant marine transgressions and regressions were recursive processes during the formation of estuaries and left records in the landscape. Were defined as the coastal plain estuaries of Goiana/Megao, Jaguaribe, Paratibe, Olinda, Sirinhaem and Formoso. Type built by bar has the Timbo, Beberibe, Jaboatao/Pirapama, Mamucaba/Ilhetas and Una. Estuaries are the kind of laughed Itapessoca and Channel and Santa Cruz, while the coastal lagoon and are Ipojuca and Capibaribe. Key-words: Estuary, coastal Pernambuco, quaternary

TENDÊNCIAS FLUVIOMÉTRICAS NAS ÁREAS ESTUARINAS DE GOIANA-MEGAÓ E PIRAPAMA/JABOATÃO E DAS TABUAS DE MARÉ NO PORTO DE SUAPE-PE

Os estuarios sao ambientes de transicao entre o oceano e o continente, ocorrendo na desembocadura dos rios, resultando na diluicao da agua salgada. Os mesmos sao forcados por agentes locais e remotos que ocorrem na bacia de drenagem e no oceano adjacente. Esses ambientes sao extremamente vulneraveis aos possiveis impactos das mudancas climaticas, principalmente no que concerne ao aumento das variacoes do nivel do mar, pluviosidade e ventos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as tendencias dos dados fluviometricos para os rios: Goiana e Pirapama ambos em Pernambuco e correlaciona-los com as variacoes e tendencias das tabuas de mares estimadas para o porto de Suape. Ambos os rios apresentam regime hidrografico regular com os mesmos meses para as maximas (junho e julho) e minimas (novembro, dezembro e janeiro) de vazoes. Foram apresentadas tendencias de diminuicao de vazao refletindo a expectativa do Painel Intergovernamental de Mudancas Climaticas (IPCC) para uma diminuicao das precipitacoes e consequentemente diminuicao das vazoes. Contudo, essas diminuicoes provavelmente estao relacionadas aos usos antropicos das aguas dos rios, sendo necessaria a analise hidroclimatologica para as series estudadas. Para os dados de mare houve uma estabilizacao para os valores das maximas e minimas nas amplitudes e uma reducao da amplitude media. Contudo esses dados que sao previstos e podem nao descrever a realidade.