Celina Wisniewski

Comparação da morfologia foliar de espécies arbóreas de três estádios sucessionais distintos de floresta ombrófila densa (Floresta Atlântica) no Sul do Brasil

We investigated the leaf morphology of trees from three distinct successional stages (early, intermediate, late) of a lowland rain forest located near the coast of Parana State, Brazil. This forest grows on sandy soil with low nutrient content. Leaves from trees from the early successional stage present a higher degree of sclerophylly, having thicker leaves, smaller leaf area, higher stomata density, thicker palisade parenchyma, and higher prevalence of sclerenchyma than those of species from the intermediate and late successional stages. Variation of leaf morphology along the successional gradient is likely related to microclimatic changes and the interaction of plant-soil processes, which intensify in older successional stages.

Nutrientes foliares de espécies arbóreas de três estádios sucessionais de floresta ombrófila densa no sul do Brasil

We investigated the leaf nutrient content of trees species from three distinct successional stages (early, intermediate, late) of a lowland rain forest located near the coast of Parana State, Brazil. This forest grows on sandy soil with low nutrient content. We collected mature leaves from five different individuals of each sucessional stages of the most important tree species of each successional stage (four of the early; eight of the intermediate and 11 of the late stages) for chemical analysis of following elements: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, C, Zn, Fe, Cu e Mn. The species from early sucessional stage have lower contents of N, P, K, Zn, Fe, and higher contents of Mg. These concentrations are statistically different (p 25:1), despite of the tendency to decrease as succession advances. The increment of concentration of the most studied foliar nutrients along the successional gradient is probably related to the accumulation of litter above the soil that provides a more adequate environment for efficient nutrient cycling and higher nutrient concentration in the soil.

Patterns of litter production in a secondary alluvial Atlantic Rain Forest in southern Brazil

Above-ground litter production is one of the most accessible ways to estimate ecosystem productivity, nutrient fluxes and carbon transfers. Phenological patterns and climatic conditions are still not fully explained well for tropical and subtropical forests under less pronounced dry season and non-seasonal climates, as well as the interaction of these patterns with successional dynamics. Monthly litterfall was estimated for two years in a 9 to 10 year old secondary alluvial Atlantic Rain forest. Total litterfall was higher in the site with more developed vegetation (6.4 ± 1.2 ton ha-1 year-1; 95% confidence interval) as compared to the site with less developed vegetation (3.0 ± 1.0 ton ha-1 year-1). The monthly production of 11 litter fractions (eight fractions comprising the leaf litter of the seven main species of the community and other species; reproductive parts, twigs £ 2 cm diameter, and miscellaneous material) were correlated with meteorological variables making possible to identify three patterns of deposition. The main pattern, dominated by leaf-exchanging species, consisted of a cycle with the highest litterfall at the beginning of the rainy season, preceding by basically three months the peaks of the annual cycles of rainfall and temperatures. Other two patterns, dominated by brevi-deciduous species, peaked at the end of the rainy season and at the end of the non-rainy season. Tropical and subtropical dry forests that present the highest leaf fall gradually earlier than rain forests (as the studied sites) are possibly related to the start of senescence process. It seems that such process is triggered earlier by a more severe hydric stress, besides other factors linked to a minor physiological activity of plants that result in abscission.