Celso Garcia Auer

First report and characterization of Fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pitch canker in Brazil

Pitch canker is one of the most important diseases of pine trees worldwide, including South America. The causal agent of this disease is Fusarium circinatum, a member of the Gibberella fujikuroi complex (GFC). In South America, the species is reported from Colombia, Uruguay and Chile, but is considered a quarantine organism in Brazil. In this study we characterized isolates obtained from symptomatic pine seedlings intercepted in a nursery in Santa Catarina State using phylogenetic analyses, crossings and morphological markers. The Brazilian isolates grouped with reference material in an unique clade and formed fertile perithecia when crossed with reference tester strains. The detailed characterization given here and the availability of tester strains will allow for reliable identification and support monitoring of this important plant pathogen.

Produtos alternativos no controle do oídio em mudas de eucalipto

Eucalypt plays an important role in Brazilian forestry because of its good adaptation, fast growth, high productivity, as well as a lot of good qualities for industry. Eucalyptus reforestation needs a continuous production of seedlings, which can be attacked by Oidium sp. The control of powdery mildew is based on fungicides, but for eucalypts there are no products commercially registered. The objective of this work was to evaluate chemical products, essential oils, plants extracts, milk and dairy products and antagonist for the alternative control of this disease. Seedlings of E. benthamii Maiden & Cambage were used in the assays. Disease severity was assessed using a scale varying from 0 (no symptoms) to 4 (severe symptoms) and calculated the area under progress disease curve (AUDPC). It was verified that the lowest AUDPC values of powdery mildew were obtained with piraclostrobin + epoxyconazol, and cow milk and Lecanicillium sp. were the best alternative products.

Crescimento in vitro de isolados de Armillaria sp. obtidos de Pinus elliottii var. elliottii sob várias temperaturas

ABSTRACT Armillaria root rot is the major pine disease in Brazil. Symptoms ofthis disease are yellowing of the needles, decline, root rot, resin exsudationand plant death. Temperature is an environmental factor that affectspathogens, the disease or both. This work evaluated the behaviour ofthree isolates of Armillaria sp. obtained from P. elliottii var. elliottii. Gomes, N.S.B.; Auer, C.G.; Grigoletti Junior, A. In vitro growth of Armillaria sp. isolates obtained from Pinus elliottii var. elliottii under severaltemperatures. Summa Phytopathologica , v.33, n.2, p.187-189, 2007.Additional keywords: fungal physiology, pathogen, root rot. The fungus isolates were submitted to temperature ranging from 16 to26 oC, by using dry biomass production in liquid medium as a measureablevariable. All isolates produced higher amount of biomass at 22 °C. A cubicregression showed a maximum point of temperatures between 21,8 e 23,2°C. The best temperature for fungus isolates growth was around 22 oC. RESUMO

SAZONALIDADE E SOLUÇÕES NUTRITIVAS NA MINIESTAQUIA DE Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da sazonalidade e de solucoes nutritivas na producao, sobrevivencia, enraizamento e vigor radicial de miniestacas juvenis de Araucaria angustifolia, bem como o habito de crescimento das mudas formadas. As minicepas foram manejadas em minijardim sob sistema semi-hidroponico, em que foram aplicadas duas solucoes nutritivas, com diferentes concentracoes de nutrientes, fornecidas por gotejamento, durante as quatro estacoes do ano. Apos 11 coletas, as minicepas apresentaram 100% de sobrevivencia. A maior producao ocorreu no verao, com 1.356 miniestacas.m-2.ano-1, e a menor no inverno, com 429 miniestacas.m-2.ano-1. As coletas de inverno apresentaram os melhores resultados de enraizamento, com media de 83% em casa de sombra, contra 31% das demais estacoes. O maior vigor radicial ocorreu nas coletas de primavera e verao e o menor, no inverno. A solucao nutritiva mais concentrada propiciou maior producao de miniestacas e melhor vigor radicial, e todas as mudas resultantes da miniestaquia apresentaram habito ortotropico de crescimento. A tecnica de miniestaquia com propagulos vegetativos de origem seminal mostrou-se potencial para a producao de mudas de araucaria, sendo significativamente influenciada pela epoca do ano e pelas solucoes nutritivas empregadas.

SELEÇÃO PRECOCE DE PROGÊNIES DE Pinus radiata A Sphaeropsis sapinea

Sphaeropsis sapinea is an important pathogen for some Pinus radiata causing tip blight and death of trees, in commercial plantings. This study was developed to select Pinus radiata progenies resistant to the pathogen, for new plantings in Brazil. Seedlings tips of 16 Pinus radiata progenies were inoculated with three pathogen monosporic isolates of Sphaeropsis sapinea, under greenhouse conditions. Lesions length and tip blight degree were evaluated. Responses of progenies to the pathogen varied according to tested isolate. The results indicated that early selection methodology was adequate to select Pinus radiata progenies resistant against Sphaeropsis sapinea. Average heritability of the progenies varied according to tested isolate and the selection criterion used.

Fungos endofíticos associados a acículas de Pinus taeda

ABSTRACT The present work aimed to study the endophytic fungi in Pinustaeda needles and to evaluate the effect of sample points in the tree.Samples were collectd in two different heights (30-50 cm and 100-130cm over ground) and cardinal positions (North, South, East and West)in plants with 18 months old, located at Colombo, PR, Brazil. Theneedles were sucessively washed in sterile destilled water, 70 % ethanol,NaHClO 3 %, 70 % ethanol and sterile destilled water. Needlefragments of 10 mm of lenth were plated in PDA medium, incubatedat 28 °C, fotophase 12h to 15 days. The reproductive structures offungi were produced by microculture technique. Seventeen generaPimentel, I. C.; Figura, G.; Auer, C. G. Endophytic fungi associated to Pinus taeda needles. Summa Phytopathologica, v.36, n.1, p.xx-xx, 2010. Keywords: forest, microorganisms, phyloplane, pine. Palavras-chave adicionais: filoplano, floresta, microrganismos, pinus. RESUMO O presente trabalho objetivou estudar os fungos endofiticos emaciculas de arvores jovens de

QUALIDADE SANITÁRIA E FISIOLÓGICA DE SEMENTES DE ARAUCÁRIA DURANTE ARMAZENAMENTO

Araucaria angustifolia is a species of ecological and social-economic importance in the southern Brazil region, but it is at risk of extinction. Its seeds are classified as recalcitrant, requiring storage under controlled temperature and humidity to obtain greater longevity. Another aspect is the seed health quality, which is impaired by high seed moisture content that causes fungus proliferation and may reduce germination and seedling quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological and sanitary quality of araucaria seeds treated with 0.5, 1 and 3 % of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and stored at different periods (2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 months). The seed quality was evaluated by germination, vigor and seed health tests. The disinfection of seeds, regardless of the concentration used, temporarily delayed the seed germinations, but did not negatively affect seedling emergence. After 12 months of storage, the seeds showed infection by Schizophyllum commune , which caused the reduction of the germination. The seeds treated with NaClO showed lower fungal incidence, especially Schizophyllum commune , ensuring the seed health quality during storage for 12 months. The treatment with NaClO positively favors the physiological quality of Araucaria seeds that will be stored for a period exceeding four months.

IMPACTO DA MANCHA FOLIAR CAUSADA POR Cylindrocladium candelabrum EM PLANTIOS JOVENS DE Eucalyptus benthamii EM RIO NEGRINHO – SC

Eucalyptus benthamii e uma das especies florestais plantada na regiao Sul do Brasil devido a sua resistencia a geada. A principal doenca em plantios comerciais e a mancha foliar causada por Cylindrocladium candelabrum. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a incidencia e a severidade da doenca em plantios de Eucalyptus benthamii, localizados em Rio Negrinho - SC. O levantamento foi realizado em tres plantios (quatro, oito e 18 meses de idade), quantificando-se a incidencia pelo percentual de plantas doentes e a severidade com uma escala diagramatica que variou de 0 (sem mancha e desfolha) a 5 (mais de 75 % de desfolha). Quatro avaliacoes foram feitas no periodo de julho/2011 a junho/2013. A incidencia media de arvores com a mancha foliar variou de 2,6 ate 43,8 % das arvores, dependendo da idade, enquanto que a severidade media variou de 1,2 a 2,9, com menor severidade nas arvores de quatro e oito meses de idade. Verificaram-se relacoes diretas entre a intensidade da doenca e o volume de precipitacao pluviometrica, bem como entre severidade e altura da arvore. A relacao entre incidencia de plantas com mancha foliar variou de acordo com a altura das arvores.

Investigation of local anesthetic and antimycobacterial activity of Ottonia martiana Miq. (Piperaceae).

Ottonia martiana is a plant popularly known in Brazil by the use for toothache. Ethanolic extract (EE), hexane fraction (HF), dichloromethane fraction (DF) and piperovatine obtained from O. martiana were assayed in vitro and in vivo. The acute toxicity of EE was determined, and LD50 values of 164.5 and 65.0 mg/kg by the oral and intraperitoneal routes, respectively, indicated a high toxicity for EE in vivo, explaining its popular use by topical administration only. A local anesthetic-like effect of EE and its fractions was observed in experimental models using pain induction, and such effect involved an analgesic action. The antimycobacterial activity of EE, HF, DF and piperovatine was evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv ATCC 27924. EE, HF, DF, and piperovatine showed a potential antimycobacterial effect with MICs of 16.0, 62.0, 62.0 and 8.0 μg/mL, respectively. Piperovatine was more effective than the EE or the other fractions. The selectivity index (SI=IC50/MIC) values calculated for EE, HF, DF and piperovatine based on the MICs and the cytotoxicity against J774 macrophages (IC50 by MTT assay) revealed values of 6.43, 2.34, 1.5 and 9.66, respectively.

Identificação de fungos endofíticos em miniestacas de acácia-negra.

Fungos endofiticos podem ter varias relacoes com mudas de plantas, desde a patogenese ate a protecao e estimulo ao crescimento. O objetivo deste estudo foi isolar e identificar fungos endofiticos em miniestacas de acacia-negra. Miniestacas assintomaticas foram avaliadas e seis especies de fungos endofiticos foram isoladas e identificadas.