Cenap Ekinci

Glutamine provides effective protection against deltamethrin-induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats but not against nephrotoxicity.

Background The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of L-glutamine (GLN) against liver and kidney injury caused by acute toxicity of deltamethrin (DLM). Material/Methods Thirty-two rats were indiscriminately separated into 4 groups with 8 rats each: control group (distilled water; 10 ml/kg, perorally [p.o.]), DLM group (35 mg/kg p.o. one dose.), GLN group (1.5 gr/kg, p.o. single dose.) and DLM (35 mg/kg p.o. one dose.) + GLN group (1.5 gr/kg, p.o. one dose after 4 hours.). Testing for total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) analyses were performed on tissue samples, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), urea, and creatinine were analyzed on serum samples. Liver and kidney samples were histopathologically analyzed. Results The TOS level in liver was significantly higher in the DLM group than in the control group, and the level in DLM+GLN group was considerably lower than in the DLM group. The TAS level in the DLM+GLN group was considerably higher than in the control and DLM groups. The TAS level in kidney tissues was considerably lower in the DLM group than in controls, but was similar to other groups. Histopathological analyses of liver tissues established a significant difference between DLM and DLM+GLN groups in terms of grade 2 hepatic injury. However, no significant difference was found between DLM and DLM+GLN groups in terms of kidney injury. Conclusions Glutamine leads to significant improvement in deltamethrin-induced acute hepatotoxicity in terms of histopathologic results, tissue oxidative stress parameters, and serum liver function marker enzymes.

Nebivolol Ameliorates Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury on Liver But Not on Distant Organs

ABSTRACT Introduction: Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury may occur after large tumor resection and liver transplantation procedures. Nitric oxide was shown to have protective effects on ischemia/reperfusion injury. Nebivolol is a compound that has been reported to improve nitric oxide release. We evaluated the effects of nebivolol in a rat liver ischemia/reperfusion model. Methods: A total of 40 rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 each). Group I underwent only laparotomy, Group II was administered nebivolol and then underwent laparotomy, Group III underwent laparotomy and hepatic ischemia/reperfusion, and Group IV was administered nebivolol and then underwent laparotomy and hepatic ischemia/reperfusion. Serum AST, ALT, urea, and creatinine levels, and TAS and TOS levels of liver, lung, and kidney tissues were determined. Histopathological determination was also performed. Results: Nebivolol significantly reduced liver function tests in group IV, but it did not improve renal functions. Oxidative stress and abnormal histopathological findings were found to be reduced in liver tissue in group IV. Although the oxidative stress was increased after hepatic ischemia/reperfusion, nebivolol could not reduce the oxidative stress in kidney tissue. There were no significant differences between group III and group IV in terms of the histopathological changes in kidney tissue. There were no significant differences in lung tissue between the groups. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that nebivolol has protective effects on liver but not on distant organs in a hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury model. These experimental findings indicate that nebivolol may be useful in the treatment of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Protective effects of honokiol on ischemia/reperfusion injury of rat ovary: an experimental study

Aim The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of honokiol on experimental ischemia/reperfusion injury of rat ovary. Materials and methods A total of 40 female Wistar albino rats were used in this study. The rats were divided into five groups as follows: sham (Group I), torsion (Group II), torsion + detorsion (Group III), torsion + detorsion + saline (Group IV), and torsion + detorsion + honokiol (Group V). Bilateral adnexa in all the rats except for those in the sham group were exposed to torsion for 3 hours. The rats in Group IV were administered saline, whereas the rats in Group V were administered honokiol by intraperitoneal route 30 minutes before detorsion. Tissue and plasma concentrations of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide were determined. Ovarian tissue was histologically evaluated. Data analyses were performed by means of Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney U-test (Bonferroni correction) in SPSS 15.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results The torsion and detorsion groups had higher scores in vascular congestion, hemorrhage, and inflammatory cell infiltration compared with the sham group (P<0.005). In addition, total histopathological scores were significantly higher in the torsion and detorsion groups compared with the sham group (P<0.005). A significant reduction was observed in hemorrhage, inflammatory cell infiltration, and cellular degeneration scores, of all histopathological scores, in the honokiol group (P<0.005). Ovarian tissue concentrations of malondialdehyde were significantly higher in the torsion and detorsion groups compared with the sham and honokiol groups (P<0.005). Ovarian tissue concentrations of nitric oxide, on the other hand, were significantly higher in the torsion group compared with the sham, saline, and honokiol groups (P<0.005). Conclusion Honokiol has a beneficial effect on ovarian torsion-related ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Investigation of Various Events Occurring in the Brain Tissue After Calvarial Defects in Rats

Danos oseos, accidentes y traumas pueden alterar la vida normal de las personas y danar los tejidos blandos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los defectos de calota en ratas en funcion de la gravedad de la lesion cerebral que ocurre en una contusion de la region temporal. Las ratas fueron divididas aleatoriamente en dos grupos: al grupo 1 (control), se le realizo un modelo de defecto craneal de tamano critico sin tratamiento (n= 10) y al grupo 2, se le realizo un modelo de defecto craneal de tamano critico que fue tratado con dexametasona (0,05 mg/kg via i.m.) + injerto sintetico (n= 10) (14 d con injerto sintetico y el dia 7 se le administro dexametasona). El modelo genero un defecto de 7 mm en el hueso parietal en cada animal, bajo anestesia general. Los defectos craneales produjeron dilatacion de los vasos sanguineos, hemorragias y deterioro en las estructuras gliales fibrilares. Ademas, el aumento de la expresion del factor de crecimiento vascular endotelial mostro una reaccion con las positiva con la proteina acida fibrilar de la glia el las extensiones de los astrocitos. Las celulas gliales apoptoticas se tineron positivas con Bcl-2. Los defectos de calota causan una lesion cerebral leve, inducidas por citoquinas inflamatorias, las que interrumpen la degeneracion glial fibrilar al afectar la barrera hematoencefalica, induciendo cambios apoptoticos.

The protective role of glutamine against acute induced toxicity in rats

Abstract Context: Deltamethrin (DLM) is an insecticide commonly used to protect agricultural crops against pests. QT prolongation with malignant ventricular arrhythmias are amongst the most common cardiovascular complications. DLM intoxication cause decreased level of antioxidant enzymes. Glutamine is the precursor of glutathione which is an antioxidant and has been demonstrated to improve outcome after several critical illnesses. Objective: We hypothesized that glutamine, by means of antioxidant characteristics, may antagonize the cardiotoxic effects of DLM. Materials and methods: All experiments were performed on 8-week-old male Wistar albino rats. The rats were divided into following groups (n = 10); Group I: control, Group II: l-glutamine, Group III: DLM, Group IV: DLM and after 4 h l-glutamine. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and parameter analyses were performed in cardiac tissue. Results: We found that TAS was higher and TOS lower in DLM group. We also found that interstitial edema and inflammatory cell infiltration was significantly more frequent in DLM group and QT and QTc of DLM group were higher than others. Discussion: Recent studies have shown that several special amino acids, such as glutamine, glycine, arginine and taurine, exhibit cytoprotective effect on the cardiocyte, and have established the cardioprotective properties of glutamine. Conclusion: In this study, we showed the protective role of glutamine against cardiotoxic effects of DLM in rats. This protective effect was confirmed by showing both tissue level improvement in oxidative stress markers and improvement in prolonged QT interval.

Expression of VEGF and CD68 in the Placenta of Gestational Diabetic Mothers (Immunohistochemistry and Ultrastructural Study)

La angiogenesis de la placenta es esencial para el desarrollo embrionario y fetal. En este estudio, se incluyeron 18 casos de diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) y 22 embarazos de control. En grupos los de DMG en comparacion con el control, se detectaron valores significativamente mayores (p<0,01) en los siguientes parametros histologicos que fueron evaluados: inmadurez vellosa, chorangiosis, presencia de nodos sincicial, infiltracion celular isquemica mononuclear y necrosis fibrinoide. La investigacion de las placentas de mujeres con DMG, revelo mediante el examen en terminos de angiogenesis, macrofagos y ultraestructural, la posible relacion entre las complicaciones fetales.

The Effects of Maternal Low Protein and Estrogen on Sexual Behavior and Testicular Maturation in Male Rats

En los ultimos anos, los trastornos relacionados con el desarrollo y la funcion del tracto reproductivo masculino han aumentado, lo que genera una disminucion importante en el volumen de semen y el conteo de espermatozoides. Se examinaron los efectos de niveles bajos en proteinas y estrogeno en el comportamiento sexual y la maduracion testicular en ratas macho. Tambien se examinaron FSH, LH y los niveles de testosterona y el dano histologico de tejido testicular. Las ratas macho fueron sometidas al tratamiento y administracion estandar a largo plazo con estradiol por vias oral y parenteral. El numero de montajes, eficiencia de copulacion y latencias de eyaculacion para el grupo de dieta de proteinas parenteral (DPP) fue significativamente menor que los del grupo con una dieta baja en proteinas (PBD) y de proteina oral baja (POB) grupos (P<0,05). Fueron examinados los testiculos y epididimo de acuerdo a cuatro grados, en relacion al nivel de dano del epitelio en los testiculos y epididimo. Tambien se detecto un mayor dano histologico en el grupo DPP. En conclusion, se confirma que los efectos no deseados del estrogeno fueron mayores en el grupo con administracion parenteral en el examen de conducta sexual y en el dano histologico del epitelio en los testiculos y el epididimo de ratas macho.

Severe pre-eclampsia complicated by HELLP syndrome alterations in the structure of the umbilical cord (morphometric and immunohistochemical study).

The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphometric and immunohistochemistry in umbilical cords from patients with severe pre-eclampsia with and without haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome. The patient and control groups were similar according to baseline obstetric characteristics. White blood cell count in patients with HELLP syndrome and the control group was significantly increased among patients with HELLP syndrome (p < 0.001). Morphometric examination and endothelial core length were significantly different between the groups. In the umbilical cord cross-section of the HELLP group, endothelial cell degeneration in the vessel wall and basement membrane thickening were observed. In the muscle layer of blood vessels, the following disorders were found: increased collagen fibres in the muscle cell, hyperplasia and separation of muscle fibres as well as edema in the intermediate connective tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that endothelial cells, basal membrane and fibroblast cells in the HELLP group expressed high levels of CD44. Vessel wall and amniotic epithelial basement membrane thickening were observed in the HELLP group. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) was expressed. Fibroblast and smooth muscle cells were fusiform and showed a positive reaction to immunohistochemical staining of α-actin smooth muscle.

Expression of Endothelin-1 and Ki-67 in Normotensive and Severe Preeclamptic Placentas

Severe preeclampsia (HELLP syndrome) is a life-threatening pregnancy complication, usually a severe form of preeclampsia. In this study, we aimed to examine histopathologic changes and Endothelin-1 and KI-67 expression levels by immunohistochemical methods in severe preeclamptic placentas. Severe preeclampsia and obstetric characteristics and biochemical and hematological characteristics of healthy subjects were compared. Placenta sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for histopathological examination. In the histopathological examination of severe preeclamptic placenta, degeneration in synaptic a nd cytotrophoblastic cells, increase in insidious knots, fibrinoid necrosis, degeneration in endothelial cells, calcification and hyaline villous stains were observed. In the severe preeclampsia group, Ki-67 expression increased in decidua cells and inflammatory cells, whi le endothelial cells in the vessel wall and inflammatory cells in the villus and intervillous spaces increased. It is thought that angiogenetic and cellular proliferation is induced in a co-ordinated manner and significantly influences fetal development.

Immunohistochemical and Histopathological Changes in the Skin of Rats after Administration of Lead Acetate

Lead acetate is a chemical compound. Sources of human exposure to this metal include many foods, drinking water and dust. The aim of this study was to determine the immunohistochemical and histopathological changes on the face skin a fter lead acetate application. Wistar Albino rats (180-200 g body weight) were divided into a controlled and lead acetate-exposed gr ou . Rats received lead acetate at 500 ppm in their drinking water for 60 days. Both groups were fed with the same standard food, but lea d acetate was added to the drinking water. During the experimental period, blood samples were drawn from the abdominal aorta of the anest hetis d animals. At the end of exposure, body weight and blood lead levels were measured. Sections of rat facial skin were examined histopathological and immunohistochemical. In the group treated with lead acetate, minimal to slight multifocal hydropic degene ration of basal cell layer, depending on the thinning of the epidermis, the cellular degeneration in the dermis and a increase in the number of necrotic cells was observed in sebaceous glands of the hair follicle hemorrhage. The immunohistochemical results of the present work demonstrated an increase in Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunoreactivity in skin specimens from lead acetate trea ted animals. Vimentin immunoreactivity was very dense in hair follicle of the subepidermal region. It was also strongly stained aro und the myoepithelial cells surrounding sebaceous and stromal cells.