César Augusto Marchionatti Avancini

Atividade antimicrobiana de Tagetes minuta L. - Compositae (Chinchilho) frente a bactérias Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas

The decoct of Tagetes minuta L. - Compositae (Chinchilho) was submitted to serial dilutions in vitro for testing with the multiple tubes technique its antimicrobial activities - expressed by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericide Concentration (MBC)-, to different concentrations of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium) and Gram-negative (Salmonella Gallinarum, Escherichia coli) bacteria inocula. The statistical analysis showed, for part of decoct concentration / bacterial dilution combinations, that Staphylococcus, Enterococcus and Salmonella had major antimicrobial sensibility to decoct, demonstrating selective action. Escherichia revealed resistance to antimicrobial activities of the decoct, also under 104cfu/ml inoculation levels. These data confirm the antiseptic qualities conferred to Tagetes minuta (Chinchilho) decoct by folks. It is possible its use either as antiseptic or disinfectant in animal health and production problematic-situations such as lack of resources or social economic exclusion.

Sensibilidade e resistência de amostras de Salmonella Typhimurium isoladas de suínos abatidos no Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil frente aos desinfetantes químicos quaternário de amônio e iodofor

For prevention of infectious diseases common to man and animals such as salmonellosis, the successful use of disinfectants is of great importance. However, intrinsic or acquired resistance presented by microorganism against these compounds may constitute a limiting aspect in disinfections protocols. This study was aimed at monitoring the sensitivity of 96 Salmonella Typhimurium strains isolated from slaughter pigs in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The isolates were tested against quaternary ammonium and iodophor, which represent two commercial disinfectants commonly used in animal production. The tested disinfectants were used in the concentration recommended by the fabricant and in a subconcentration in order to simulate a possible field situation. Dilution suspension tests were conducted, observing the inactivation of each S.Typhimurium isolate after 5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes of contact with each compound. All tested isolates were inactivated by the quaternary ammonium compound in both concentrations. Four isolates revealed resistant to iodophor in the recommended concentration and 59 isolates when a sub-concentration was tested. The testing of resistance against disinfectants in microorganisms present on farm and in food processing plants might be an important step on monitoring the effectiveness of adopted disinfections protocols.

Inibição e inativação in vitro de Salmonella spp. com extratos de plantas com indicativo etnográfico medicinal ou condimentar

The in vitro intensity of bacterial inhibition activity of diverse extracts (aquous, alcoholic, or hydroalcoholic) from 86 plants with medicinal and spicy ethnographic indicative, from Porto Alegre City, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, were determinated in Salmonella spp. (S. enteritidis ATCC n.13076, S. cholera-suis ATCC n. 10708, or S. gallinarum CPVDF-SAA/RS/BR) in challenge dose <107CFU.mL-1. Extracts of fifty plants presented some anti-Salmonella selective activity, while the other 36 extracts presented no activity. It is discussed the validity of ethnographic search instruments in the prospection of anti-bacterial protection factors in plants, as well the influence of inhibition/inactivation results in the predictivity of bacteriological diagnostic.

Atividade anti-estafilócica em extratos de plantas com indicativo medicinal ou condimentar

The genus Staphylococcus remains in evidence regarding transmissible diseases since human and animal carriers are its main infection source. Studies on antibacterial protection factors in natural resources, such as plants presenting medicinal or spice indicative, have been recommended by World Health Conferences as a priority. Dilution tests in multiple tube system were used in this review to describe the in vitro sorting of anti-staphylococci activity of different extracts from 80 plants presenting medicinal, spice or aromatic ethnographic indicatives at the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Selective activity was observed for 39 species, whereas the remaining 41 species did not show activity.

Inibição e inativação de Escherichia coli por extratos de plantas com indicativo etnográfico medicinal ou condimentar

The in vitro Intensity of Bacterial Inhibition Activity (IINIB) and the Intensity of Bacterial Inactivation Activity (IINAB) of diverse aqueous alcoholic/hydroalcoholic from extracts of 59 plants with medicinal or spice ethnographic indicative assessed in Porto Alegre/RS/BR, were determinated against Escherichia sp. (or E. coli ATCC no 11229 or E. coli p.16 CPVDF - SAA/RS) in challenge doses < 108 CFU.mL-1. Extracts of 30 plants presented some anti-Escherichia coli selective activity while the remaining 29 plants presented no activity. The validity of ethnographical search instruments in the prospection of anti-bacterial protection factors in plants and the influence of inhibition/inactivation results in the prediction of E. coli diagnostic were discussed.

The effects of Brazilian propolis on etiological agents of mastitis and the viability of bovine mammary gland explants

The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro the antimicrobial activity of Brazilian propolis from Urupema, São Joaquim, and Agua Doce (Santa Catarina State) and green propolis from Minas Gerais State, and the effects of propolis on bovine mammary gland explant viability. The propolis samples differed in flavonoid content and antioxidant activity. Green propolis showed the highest content of flavonoids, followed by the sample from São Joaquim. The propolis from Urupema showed the lowest flavonoid content along with the lowest antioxidant activity. The total phenolics were similar across all studied samples. Despite phytochemical differences, the propolis samples from Minas Gerais, São Joaquim, and Urupema presented the same level of antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus strains. The reduction in S. aureus growth was, on average, 1.5 and 4 log10 times at 200 and 500 μg/mL, respectively. At concentrations of 1,000 μg/mL, all propolis reduced bacterial growth to zero. On the other hand, when the propolis were tested against strains of Escherichia coli, the samples presented weak antimicrobial activity. Mammary explants were maintained in culture for 96h without a loss in viability, demonstrating the applicability of the model in evaluating the toxicity of propolis. The origin and chemical composition of the propolis had an effect on mammary explant viability. We encountered inhibitory concentrations of 272.4, 171.8, 63.85, and 13.26 μg/mL for the propolis from Água Doce, Urupema, São Joaquim, and Mina Gerais, respectively. A clear association between greater antimicrobial activity and toxicity for mammary explants was observed. Of all propolis tested, the Urupema sample was noteworthy, as it showed antimicrobial activity at less toxic concentrations than the other samples, reducing bacterial growth to an average of 9.3 × 10(2) cfu/mL after 6h of contact using 200 μg/mL of extract. The results demonstrate the potential for Brazilian propolis in the treatment of mastitis, although effectiveness is dependent on geographical origin and concentration. The results from the mammary gland explant assays are promising for the investigation of other natural products with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties that can be used in the intramammary treatment of subclinical mastitis and during dry cow therapy.

Simulação de condições de uso de quaternário de amônio frente amostras de Salmonella Hadar isoladas de carcaças de frango

Para impedir a dispersao de microrganismos patogenicos ao longo da cadeia avicola medidas de biosseguridade sao adotadas, sendo a desinfeccao procedimento obrigatorio e o composto quimico cloreto de benzalconio (quaternario de amonio) largamente usado para essa finalidade. Devido ao fato de que parte das criacoes brasileiras localizam-se em regioes com grande amplitude termica, o mesmo ocorrendo entre as diferentes areas e seccoes de matadouros-frigorificos, executou-se este experimento para verificar a atividade desse desinfetante simulando condicoes de uso frente a 33 isolados de SalmonellaHadar. Pelo teste de suspensao observou-se a inativacao bacteriana sob as variaveis concentracao (100 e 200 ppm), temperatura (20 ± 2 oC e 8 ± 2 oC), carga de materia orgânica (1 e 3 %) e tempos de contato (5, 10 e 20 minutos). Como resultados, a 20 ± 2 oC todos os isolados foram inativados nas duas concentracoes e cargas orgânicas apos 5 minutos de contato. Sob temperatura de 8 ± 2 oC o desinfetante teve sua atividade comprometida, tendo isolados bacterianos sobrevivido sob todas as variaveis de confronto (33,3% frente 100 ppm e 6,1% frente 200 ppm). Quanto menor a concentracao do desinfetante e maior carga orgânica, maior o numero de isolados viaveis. Conclui-se que, nas condicoes do experimento, o cloreto de benzalconio foi capaz de inativar todos os isolados do sorovar deSalmonella confrontados, podendo ser empregado nos procedimentos de desinfeccao. No entanto, a baixa temperatura ambiente e fator de limitacao na indicacao de seu uso.

Activity of iodophor and quaternary ammonium compound disinfectants on Candida standard and clinical isolates of bovine mastitis

In health management of infectious-transmissible diseases such as candiasis, procedures are adopted against the pathogenic agents both in the body of the patient/animal, using antimicrobial therapy or antisepsis, and in the environment, when they are in the wild, through disinfection procedures, the decision made on the choice of the chemical compounds being a decisive element for the disease’s prevention or control. This work aimed to evaluate the activity of the Revista Brasileira de Higiene e Sanidade Animal Brazilian Journal of Hygiene and Animal Sanity ISSN: 1981-2965