Jose Maria Wiest

Atividade antimicrobiana de Tagetes minuta L. - Compositae (Chinchilho) frente a bactérias Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas

The decoct of Tagetes minuta L. - Compositae (Chinchilho) was submitted to serial dilutions in vitro for testing with the multiple tubes technique its antimicrobial activities - expressed by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericide Concentration (MBC)-, to different concentrations of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium) and Gram-negative (Salmonella Gallinarum, Escherichia coli) bacteria inocula. The statistical analysis showed, for part of decoct concentration / bacterial dilution combinations, that Staphylococcus, Enterococcus and Salmonella had major antimicrobial sensibility to decoct, demonstrating selective action. Escherichia revealed resistance to antimicrobial activities of the decoct, also under 104cfu/ml inoculation levels. These data confirm the antiseptic qualities conferred to Tagetes minuta (Chinchilho) decoct by folks. It is possible its use either as antiseptic or disinfectant in animal health and production problematic-situations such as lack of resources or social economic exclusion.

Inibição e inativação in vitro de Salmonella spp. com extratos de plantas com indicativo etnográfico medicinal ou condimentar

The in vitro intensity of bacterial inhibition activity of diverse extracts (aquous, alcoholic, or hydroalcoholic) from 86 plants with medicinal and spicy ethnographic indicative, from Porto Alegre City, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, were determinated in Salmonella spp. (S. enteritidis ATCC n.13076, S. cholera-suis ATCC n. 10708, or S. gallinarum CPVDF-SAA/RS/BR) in challenge dose <107CFU.mL-1. Extracts of fifty plants presented some anti-Salmonella selective activity, while the other 36 extracts presented no activity. It is discussed the validity of ethnographic search instruments in the prospection of anti-bacterial protection factors in plants, as well the influence of inhibition/inactivation results in the predictivity of bacteriological diagnostic.

Viabilidade de ovos de Fasciola hepatica de bovinos em sistema de biodigestão anaeróbia

Cattle Fasciola hepatica egg-viability was studied in closed system of anaerobic biodigestion. Two thirds of a biodigestor were filled with liquefied manure from eight Hosltein cows, naturally infected. For 10 consecutive weeks of observation, the biodigestor internal temperature ranged from 24oC to 28oC, and external temperature from 26oC to 33oC. All the effluent samples showed a constant pH of 7. The samples of the effluent were weekly collected, in a total of 10 and submitted to techniques to detect the presence and viability of the trematode eggs. It was detected a 42-day egg viability. Therefore, liquefied cattle manure containing Fasciola hepatica eggs must remain under anaerobic biodigestion for at least 42 days before its safe return to the environment.

Caracterização físico-química e sensorial de kefir tradicional e derivados

Avaliaram-se diferentes populacoes de graos de kefir tradicional e de seus derivados, o kefir, o kefir leban e o soro de kefir, quanto as caracteristicas fisico-quimicas e sensoriais, quando inoculados em diferentes concentracoes de leite padronizado, levando-se em consideracao as variaveis tempo/temperatura de incubacao, maturacao e filtracao. A manipulacao da populacao de graos de kefir foi eficaz na obtencao de produtos com caracteristicas fisico-quimicas semelhantes. O volume de leite utilizado na incubacao influenciou significativamente as caracteristicas dos derivados. A avaliacao sensorial de antepastos elaborados a partir de kefir leban, condimentados, apresentou boa aceitabilidade.

Atividade antibacteriana in vitro de pimentas e pimentões (Capsicum sp.) sobre quatro bactérias toxinfectivas alimentares

In vitro antibacterial activity of hot and sweet peppers (Capsicum sp.) on four food toxinfective bacteria. The intensity of bacterial inhibition activity (IINIB) and the intensity of bacterial inactivation activity (IINAB) of extracts of eight peppers of the genus Capsicum, ethnographically located in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, were assessed in vitro through Dilution Tests in Multiple Tube Series against standardized bacterial inocula (American Type Culture Collection - ATCC), Staphylococcus aureus (25923), Enterococcus faecalis (19433), Salmonella enteritidis (13076), and Escherichia coli (11229), respectively, at challenge doses = 10 7 CFU mL -1 . Four of these species, cayenne pepper (Capsicum sp pool), garden pepper (C. annuum), aji pepper (C. baccatum), and malagueta pepper (C. frutescens), had selective inhibition and inactivation activities, in decreasing order, to salmonella, fecal coliforms, enterococcus and staphylococcus. The remaining ones, cambuci pepper (C. baccatum) and yellow, green and red sweet peppers (C. annuum) had no activity. The validity of the ethnographic tool in the exploration of antibacterial protection factors from plants, as well as the influence of inhibition/inactivation in the bacteriological diagnosis predictability, is discussed.

Atividade anti-estafilócica em extratos de plantas com indicativo medicinal ou condimentar

The genus Staphylococcus remains in evidence regarding transmissible diseases since human and animal carriers are its main infection source. Studies on antibacterial protection factors in natural resources, such as plants presenting medicinal or spice indicative, have been recommended by World Health Conferences as a priority. Dilution tests in multiple tube system were used in this review to describe the in vitro sorting of anti-staphylococci activity of different extracts from 80 plants presenting medicinal, spice or aromatic ethnographic indicatives at the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Selective activity was observed for 39 species, whereas the remaining 41 species did not show activity.

Inibição e inativação de Escherichia coli por extratos de plantas com indicativo etnográfico medicinal ou condimentar

The in vitro Intensity of Bacterial Inhibition Activity (IINIB) and the Intensity of Bacterial Inactivation Activity (IINAB) of diverse aqueous alcoholic/hydroalcoholic from extracts of 59 plants with medicinal or spice ethnographic indicative assessed in Porto Alegre/RS/BR, were determinated against Escherichia sp. (or E. coli ATCC no 11229 or E. coli p.16 CPVDF - SAA/RS) in challenge doses < 108 CFU.mL-1. Extracts of 30 plants presented some anti-Escherichia coli selective activity while the remaining 29 plants presented no activity. The validity of ethnographical search instruments in the prospection of anti-bacterial protection factors in plants and the influence of inhibition/inactivation results in the prediction of E. coli diagnostic were discussed.

Aproveitamento da casca de citros na perspectiva de alimentos: prospecção da atividade antibacteriana

Citrus are the most produced fruits in the world. Brazil ranks first in global production and export of orange juice. The State of Rio Grande Do Sul is an important producer of citrus. During farming and processing of citrus, tons of residues are generated, with low commercial value and great potential for use in the field of food production. These residues possess many nutrients, pigments and bioactive compounds, as well as low toxicity and cost. There is evidence that the peel of citrus have antibacterial and antifungal activity. In this work, we aim to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of citrus peels in the perspective of disinfection and preservation of food, presenting sustainable and natural alternatives directed at consumers concerned with health. Ethanolic extracts of crude peel of ripe ponkan tangerine (Citrus reticulata Blanco), pomelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.) and rangpur lime (Citrus limonia Osbeck) were obtained from ecological family farms. Their antibacterial activities were evaluated regarding Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) against five different bacterial strains. The rangpur lime extract presented the best antibacterial activity, with about 24 mg.mL-1 MIC and 42 mg.mL-1 MBC for the most resistant strain. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most sensitive strain. All ethanolic extracts inhibited or inactivated all tested strains, indicating they could be used as natural alternatives in food disinfection and preservation.

Viability of Bovine`s Strongyloidea eggs in a System of Anaerobic Biodigestion

Cattle Strongyloidea egg-viability was studied in closed system of anaerobic biodigestion. Two thirds of a biodigestor were filled with liquified manure from eight Hosltein cows, nacturally infected. For 10 consecutive weeks of observation, the biodigestor internal temperature varied from 24oC to 28oC and external temperature, from 26oC to 33oC. All the effluent samples showed a constant pH of 7. The samples of the effluent were weekly collected, in a total of 10, and submitted to techniques to detect the presence and viability of the helminth eggs. It was detected a 35-day egg viability. The infective larvae of Haemonchus, Cooperia and Oesophagostomum genus were found until the 14th day of observation and the infective larvae of Trichostrongylus and Ostertagia genus, until the 35th day. Therefore, liquefied cattle manure containing Strongyloidea eggs must remain under anaerobic conditions for at least 35 days before its safe return to the environment.

Atividade antibacteriana e a preditividade do condimento Artemisia dracunculus Linn. (Asteraceae), variedade inodora - estragão -, frente à Salmonella sp

RESUMO Avaliou-se a atividade antibacteriana de extrato aquoso do condimento estragao – Artemisia dracunculus linn. (Asteraceae), variedade inodora –, frente a Salmonella enteritidis (ATCC 11076), por meio do sistema de tubos multiplos e pelo emprego de desinibidores bacterianos, determinando-se a Intensidade de Inibicao/Inativacao (IINIB/IINAB), observando-se expressiva inibicao, bem como ausencia de inativacao sobre esta salmonela. Na presenca do fator materia orgânica/sujeira representada pelo leite, estes atributos repetiram-se, embora com menor intensidade de inibicao. Posteriormente, avaliou-se a preditividade de uma tecnica oficial de isolamento desta bacteria, utilizando uma solucao experimental de leite e caldo BHI (Brain Heart Infusion), contaminada com 10 4 UFC/mL da salmonela em estudo. Verificou-se a ausencia de isolamento desta bacteria em aliquotas de 25 mL, apos periodos de 24, 48 e 72 h de incubacao a 36oC, comprometendo a Validade Preditiva dos Resultados Negativos (VPR-) do teste. Sugere-se que, nas investigacoes epidemiologicas de surtos toxiinfectivos alimentares, devem-se ser acrescidas informacoes sobre condimentacao vegetal, entre outras, pertinentes a complexidade crescente do sistema de alimentacao e nutricao. Palavras-chave: atividade antibacteriana, Artemisia dracunculus, preditividade em salmonela, alimentos condimentados, estragao. SUMMARY ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND PREDITIVITY OF Artemisia acunculus (Asteraceae), VAR. inodora – TARRAGON –, AS CONDIMENT, AGAINST Salmonella sp. It was evaluated antibacterial activity of watery extract of the condiment tarragon – Artemisia dracunculus linn., var. inodora –, against the Salmonella enteritidis (ATCC 11076), through the system of multiple pipes and the job of bacterial inhibitors, it was determined Intensity of inhibition/inativation (IINIB/IINAB), observing expressive inhibition, as well as absence of inativation on this salmonela. In presence of the organic substance, represented by skimmed barren milk, these attributes if had repeated, even so with lesser intensity of inhnibition. Later, it was evaluated preditividade of one official technique of isolation of this bacterium, using an experimental solution of milk and BHI broth (Brain Heart Infusion), contaminated with 10 4 CFU/ mL