Charles Andrew Lieberman

Terrorism Within Comparative International Context

In what case do you like reading so much? What about the type of the terrorism within comparative international context book? The needs to read? Well, everybody has their own reason why should read some books. Mostly, it will relate to their necessity to get knowledge from the book and want to read just to get entertainment. Novels, story book, and other entertaining books become so popular this day. Besides, the scientific books will also be the best reason to choose, especially for the students, teachers, doctors, businessman, and other professions who are fond of reading.

The United Kingdom and Ireland

England has been the source of much of the legal history of the Western world. “Our English police system…rests on foundations designed with the full approval of the people, we know not how many hundreds of years before the Norman conquest, and has been slowly molded by the careful hand of experience, developing as a rule along the line of least resistance, now in advance of the general intelligence of the country, now lagging far behind, but always in the long run adjusting itself to the popular temper, always consistent with local self-government, and even at its worst, always English” (Lee, 1971, p. xxvii). The development of our common law system, like that of our modern police, is seated in the English traditions.

The Comparative Approach to Counterterrorism

Community policing has become a common theme when discussing how a democratic society maintains law and order without jeopardizing the freedoms and rights of its citizens.1 Ferreira (1996). The definition of community policing varies among scholars and researchers, and an agreement of universal definition has yet to be established. Depending on the definition being utilized, confusion and difficulty may occur when attempting to determine whether or not community policing is actually being implemented within a police department.2 Maguire and Mastrofski (2000). However, the broad concept of community policing, which typically indicates problem solving and community involvement as key components for effective policing, seems to remain somewhat consistent among the majority of definitions.

The Kingdom of the Netherlands (Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)

The modern history of the Netherlands dates back to 1579, when the Dutch United Provinces declared their independence from Spain. During the seventeenth century, the Netherlands became a leading seafaring and commercial power, with settlements and colonies around the world. After a 20-year French occupation, the Kingdom of the Netherlands was formed in 1815, which included the region, which is now Belgium, which seceded in 1830 and formed a separate kingdom.

Republic of Turkey (Turkiye Cumhuriyeti)

The country of Turkey is located in the southeastern region of Europe and the southwestern region of Asia, with two of its coasts resting along the Mediterranean and Black Sea. Although the majority of the country resides within the Asian continent, a small proportion of it is located in European territory, near Greece and Bulgaria. The official and formal name of Turkey is the Republic of Turkey. The land that constitutes Turkey is one of the more earthquake-prone regions in the world. Approximately, there are over 71.8 million people residing within the country, in which 80% of the population is Turkish and an estimated 20% is Kurdish or some other ethnic origin. The official language of the country is Turkish, yet Kurdish, Zaza, Arabic, Armenian, and Greek are also frequently used.

The Kingdom of Spain (Rieno de España)

Spain is located in the southwestern region of Europe on the Iberian Peninsula and resides between the countries Portugal and France. The official name of Spain is the Kingdom of Spain or Reino de Espana.1 Spain’s population density is lower than the majority of European countries, although it is one of the larger countries in terms of size.2 Over 40 million people are estimated to reside within the country. Spain’s population consists of both Mediterranean and Nordic-type ethnic groups, more specifically Basques, Catalans, and Galicians. The official language of the country is Spanish, in which 74% of the population speaks it fluently as their first language; however, Catalan, Galician, and Basque are also spoken.

Best Practices – Lessons We Learned

One of the most important “lessons to be learned” that we were exposed to during our research was the need to invest more time and resources in proper intelligence gathering and, within the context of this activity, the most important part is the creation of the Intelligence File. This chapter is based on the information we received from the police agencies we visited and conducted our research at and, in addition, on personal experience of one of the authors who was involved during her law enforcement career in creating and maintaining Intel files.

The Kingdom of Sweden (Konungariket Sverige)

Located between Finland and Norway in Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Sweden is a parliamentary democracy. At the national level, the people are represented by the Riksdag the Swedish Parliament, which has legislative power. The full name for Sweden (Sverige) is the Kingdom of Sweden (Konungariket Sverige). Sweden is a monarchy in which the office of Head of State has been since 1973 held by Carl XVI Gustaf. The title of King or Queen is inherited by the eldest child of the incumbent. Although the Head of State has no political powers, he/she is regularly informed of the affairs and concerns of the realm and chairs the Advisory Council on Foreign Affairs.

Best Practices - Lessons to be Learned

As mentioned in the introductory part of the book, the primary goal behind this research project was to create effective training modules to enable local law enforcement agencies, in the cross-comparative environment, to address terrorism-related incidents, and to not just react but prevent and de-escalate resentment from community or support from community toward homegrown terrorist organizations and individuals.