Chettiar Ganesh Kumar

Morphological study of lingula of the mandibles in South Indian population

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The objectives were to study the morphology of the lingulae in adult human dried mandibles of South Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was carried out on 67 (37 males and 30 females) dry mandibles and the morphological variants of the shapes of the lingulae were macroscopically noted and classified. Totally, 134 lingula were studied from both sides of mandibles. RESULTS From our observations, 29.9% (40) of the lingula had triangular shape, 27.6% (37) were truncated, 29.9% (40) were found nodular and 12.6% (17) were assimilated. In 61.2% (41) of the mandibles, the shape of the lingula was symmetrical on both the sides. The triangular lingulae were found bilaterally in 14, truncated in 11, nodular in 10 and assimilated in six mandibles. CONCLUSION In our specimens, the majority of the mandibles were having triangular shaped lingula and the shape of the lingula was symmetrical on both sides. There was sexual dimorphism observed, as in males the triangular shape was more common and in females it was nodular. The incidence of different forms of lingulæ can be used as an anthropological marker to assess the different group of population and races, with other non-metric variants of the skull. The morphology of this subject is important to the maxillofacial and orodental surgeons as the inferior alveolar nerve is close to the lingula and may assist in the inferior alveolar block.

Anthropometric study of the bicipital groove in Indians and its clinical implications

BACKGROUND Since morphometric data on the upper end of the humerus from Indian anatomical samples are scarce, this study was undertaken with reference to orthopedic surgery. The aim was to determine the length, width and depth of the bicipital groove and to find the incidence of a supratubercular ridge of Meyer in an Indian population. METHODS The study included 104 unpaired dry humeri (48 right side and 56 left) which belonged to the anatomy laboratory of our institution. The length, width and depth of the bicipital groove were measured with a digital vernier caliper. The data were tabulated as mean ± SD and statistically compared between the right and left sides. RESULTS The mean length, width and depth of the bicipital groove were 84.6 ± 10.9 mm, 8.5 ± 2.3 mm and 4.4 ± 1.8 mm, respectively, which corresponded to 27.8% of the total length, 32.2% of the transverse width and 17% of the anteroposterior widh of the humerus, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in these parameters between the left and right sides (p > 0.05). A supratubercular ridge of Meyer was seen in 24 (23.1%) of the humeri. CONCLUSION The study determined the morphometric parameters of the bicipital groove in an Indian population. We believe that this study will be an important reference for scientific research, and the details are also important for anthropologists and clinical anatomists.

Morphometric Parameters of the Human Adult Kidney: An Anatomical Study

The purpose of this study was to determine the anatomic parameters of the kidney in adults. The Renal lengths, width at superior and inferior poles, thickness at the superior and inferior poles were measured in 151 adult cadaver kidneys.A digital vernier caliper was used for performing the measurements. The data were statistically analyzed. The mean renal length was 8.9 ± 0.9 cm on the right side and 9.1 ± 0.9 cm on the left side. The mean width of the superior pole of the right kidney was 4.9 ± 0.6 cm and the left kidney was 5 ± 0.7 cm. The width of inferior pole of the right and left kidneys were 4.8 ± 0.6 cm and 4.5 ± 0.7 cm respectively. The mean thickness of the superior pole of the right kidney was 3 ± 0.4 cm and left kidney was 3.2 ± 0.5 cm. The mean thickness of the inferior pole of the right and left kidneys were 3.1 ± 0.4 cm and 3.2 ± 0.5 cm respectively. There was no statistical significance with respect to the length of both the kidneys. However there was some data on width and thickness among th e right and left side showed the differe nce which was significant statistically. The present study has provided additional information on the renal morphometry which will be of use to the surgeons and radiologists.

Morphometric study of the semitendinosus muscle and its neurovascular pedicles in South Indian cadavers

The purpose of this study was to determine the length of the semitendinosus muscle belly and its tendon in South Indian population and to study the topography and diameter of its neurovascular pedicles. The study included 46 formalin fixed human cadaveric lower limbs. The length of the semitendinosus muscle belly and its tendon were measured. The neurovascular pedicles of the semitendinosus muscle were identified and counted. The diameter of the neurovascular pedicle was measured just before its entrance into the semitendinosus muscle. The topographical distance of the neurovascular pedicles from the origin of the semitendinosus muscle were determined. The mean length of the semitendinosus muscle belly was 332.3±36.1 mm and its tendon measured 154.8±31.9 mm. The mean diameter of the vascular pedicle was measuring 11.4±9.1 mm, just before its entrance into the semitendinosus muscle. The neurovascular pedicles, of the semitendinosus muscle were ranging between 1 and 7. The distance of the entrance of neurovascular pedicle to the semitendinosus muscle from its origin was ranging between 46 and 272 mm. It was observed that the neurovascular pedicles were highest (31%) at the range of 151–200 mm away from the ischial tuberosity. The morphometric data obtained in the present study is enlightening to the orthopedic and plastic surgeons. The topographical knowledge of the neurovascular pedicles has its implications during the harvesting of the grafts and pedicle flaps. The diameter of vessels in the pedicles is enlightening because of new method of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Anatomical morphometry of the tibial plateau in South Indian population

The objectives were to study the morphometry of lateral and medial tibial plateau in South Indian population. The study was performed using 73 dry cadaveric tibiae which were obtained from the gross anatomy laboratory of our institution. The antero-posterior length and medio-lateral breadth of the lateral and medial tibial condyles were measured. The data of the medial and lateral compartments, right and left sided tibiae were statistically analyzed and compared. The mean length and breadth of medial tibial plateau (± standard deviation) were 39.8 ± 3.8 mm and 26.7 ± 2.8 mm respectively. The same parameters for the lateral tibial plateau were 33.6 ± 3.7 mm and 26.1 ± 2.9 mm. For both length and breadth the dimensions were statistically lower for the lateral tibial condyle than the medial (p<0.05). Differences were not statistically significant between right and left sides except for the length of lateral tibial plateau, which was longer on the right side (p<0.05). The present study observed differences in the morphometric parameters between the lateral and medial tibial condyles and has provided additional information on the morphometric data of the tibial plateau which is important to the orthopedic surgeons.