Chin Yeow Wong

Image enhancement using the averaging histogram equalization (AVHEQ) approach for contrast improvement and brightness preservation

Display Omitted A histogram equalization method is proposed to preserve original image brightness.A histogram averaging technique is developed to recover image information lost.A histogram remapping technique is used to reduce artifacts introduced to images.An optimization minimizes the brightness change between input and output images.Results show that image brightness is preserved while image contrast is enhanced. Image contrast enhancement and brightness preservation are fundamental requirements for many vision based applications. However, these are two conflicting objectives when the image is processed by histogram equalization approaches. Current available methods may not provide results simultaneously satisfying both requirements. In this work, a pipelined approach including color channel stretching, histogram averaging and re-mapping is developed. By using stretching, color information from a scene is restored. Averaging against a uniform distribution enables the output image to recover the information lost. Furthermore, histogram re-mapping reduces artifacts that often arise from the equalization procedure. The technique also employs a search process to find optimal algorithmic parameters, such that the mean brightness difference between the input and output images is minimized. The effectiveness of the proposed method was tested with a set of images captured in adverse environments and compared against available methods. High performing qualitative and quantitative results were obtained.

Image contrast enhancement with brightness preservation using an optimal gamma correction and weighted sum approach

The enhancement of image contrast and preservation of image brightness are two important but conflicting objectives in image restoration. Previous attempts based on linear histogram equalization had achieved contrast enhancement, but exact preservation of brightness was not accomplished. A new perspective is taken here to provide balanced performance of contrast enhancement and brightness preservation simultaneously by casting the quest of such solution to an optimization problem. Specifically, the non-linear gamma correction method is adopted to enhance the contrast, while a weighted sum approach is employed for brightness preservation. In addition, the efficient golden search algorithm is exploited to determine the required optimal parameters to produce the enhanced images. Experiments are conducted on natural colour images captured under various indoor, outdoor and illumination conditions. Results have shown that the proposed method outperforms currently available methods in contrast to enhancement and brightness preservation.

A survey on ellipse detection methods

Ellipses and elliptical features are evident in abundance, in a wide variety of digital images. Much of these features carry within itself useful statistical and geometrical information that can be exploited for a broad range of real-world applications. Algorithms developed of late for ellipse detection are application specific and are mainly based on traditional least-square fitting and Hough transform methods. This, in essence, is a step away from building a fully autonomous system with ellipse detection capabilities. This review attempts to redirect the research focus back towards a common goal of generating new ideas through the introduction of a modular framework.

Histogram equalization and optimal profile compression based approach for colour image enhancement

Display Omitted A pipeline approach to increase contrast and restore vividness to colour images.Pre-processing procedures include colour stretching, and histogram equalization.A magnitude compression and a saturation maximization stage as post processing.Image content based feedback provides optimal compression to reduce artefacts.Comprehensive assessment shows improvements on contrast and colour vividness. Many vision based applications depend on images with sufficiently high contrast and colourfulness so that ample amount of information is available to accurately describe objects captured in an image scene. Poor image capturing conditions are often unavoidable but can be compensated. Approaches based on intensity histogram equalization are popular to increase the information content within an image but over-enhancement often results in the production of unwanted artefacts. Furthermore, when constrained to only an intensity-based enhancement, insufficient enrichment on colourfulness and saturation is often observed. In order to address these limitations concurrently, a pipelined approach that incorporates a colour channel stretching process, a histogram equalization step, a magnitude compression procedure, and a saturation maximization stage is proposed. Quantitative and qualitative results obtained from experiments on a wide variety of natural scene images demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach over other methods at reducing artefact while increasing image contrast and colourfulness.

Image contrast enhancement using histogram equalization with maximum intensity coverage

The histogram equalization process is a simple yet efficient image contrast enhancement technique that generally produces satisfactory results. However, due to its design limitations, output images often experience a loss of fine details or contain unwanted viewing artefacts. One reason for such imperfection is a failure of some techniques to fully utilize the allowable intensity range in conveying the information captured from a scene. The proposed colour image enhancement technique introduced in this work aims at maximizing the information content within an image, whilst minimizing the presence of viewing artefacts and loss of details. This is achieved by weighting the input image and the interim equalized image recursively until the allowed intensity range is maximally covered. The proper weighting factor is optimally determined using the efficient golden section search algorithm. Experiments had been conducted on a large number of images captured under natural indoor and outdoor environment. Results showed that the proposed method is able to recover the largest amount of information as compared to other current approaches. The developed method also provides satisfactory performances in terms of image contrast, and sharpness.

Multi-focal image fusion using degree of focus and fuzzy logic

Abstract The continuous advancement in the field of imaging sensor necessitates the development of an efficient image fusion technique. The multi-focal image fusion extracts the in-focus information from the source images to construct a single composite image with increased depth-of-field. Traditionally, the information in multi-focal images is divided into two categories: in-focus and out-of-focus data. Instead of using a binary focus map, in this work we calculate the degree of focus for each source image using fuzzy logic. The fused image is then generated based on the weighted sum of this information. An initial focus tri-state map is built for each input image by using spatial frequency and a proposed focus measure named as alternate sum modified Laplacian. For the cases where these measures indicate different source images to contain focused pixel or have equal strength, another focus measure based on sum of gradient is employed to calculate the degree of focus in a fuzzy inference system. Finally, the fused image is computed from the weights determined by the degree of focus map of each image. The proposed algorithm is designed to fuse two source images, whereas fusion of multiple input images can be performed by fusing a source image with the fusion output of the previous input group. The comparison of the proposed method with several transform and pixel domain based techniques are conducted in terms of both subjective visual assessment and objective quantitative evaluation. Experimental results demonstrate that our method can be competitive with or even outperforms the methods in comparison.

Image de-hazing from the perspective of noise filtering

Abstract Digital images captured in outdoor environment are easily polluted by haze, which will degrade the conveyed information. To overcome this problem, a large number of researches have been conducted for image haze removal, among which the approach based on the dark channel prior assumption is in recent years considered as the state-of-the-art. This method is primarily dependent on consolidation of observations. However, in the proposed method, a theoretical perspective is adopted for image, which considers the degraded image as a product contaminated by noise. Two maps are constructed to label the noise severity and atmospheric light. The parameters involved are optimized via Particle Swarm Optimization with a penalty function in terms of hue change. Experimental results were compared with seven available approaches, along with an analysis on algorithm complexity. These analyses verify the effectiveness, efficiency, wide adaptability and theoretical soundness of the proposed approach.

Dark channel prior based image de-hazing: A review

Digital images captured under poor environments are vulnerably degraded in their capacities to convey adequate amount of information to the viewer or computer-based processes. One of the common causes affecting the quality of outdoor images can be traced to that coming from atmospheric condensations such as fog or haze. Image processing algorithms, hence, had been developed to address the de-hazing problem in order to recover the scene information. Approaches based on the dark channel prior, in particular, had initiated a large number of research activities because of its satisfactory performance and possibilities for further improvements and applications. In this paper, a review on methods based on the dark channel prior is presented. The principle of restoration by a ray transmission model applied in image de-hazing is examined together with a classification of the models commonly employed. The difficulties encountered in the implementation of de-hazing algorithms are addressed and discussed. A summary of critical issues and a discussion of future trends are also included in this review.

Multisensor multichannel image fusion based on fuzzy logic

The quality of fused images mostly depends on the number of source images available. On the other hand, the optimal fusion of large numbers of images still remains as a nontrivial process. This paper presents a fuzzy logic based method which is able to mitigate such a difficulty. In our approach, we first aligned the spatial resolutions of inputs to the desired value and satisfied the histogram matching requirements. Then we fused images from multiple sensors as a weighted sum of the inputs where the weights were calculated using an entropy and intensity guided fuzzy inference system. Experimental results showed that the proposed method had enhanced image qualities over the original inputs both from the spatial and spectral perspectives.

Image contrast enhancement based on intensity expansion-compression

Contrast enhancement for digital color image using a new approach.Identified cause of information content loss in conventional histogram equalization.Cause of generation of viewing artefacts identified.Intensity range fully utilized to carry scene information by expansion-compression.Preservation of features in the original image. In most image based applications, input images of high information content are required to ensure that satisfactory performances can be obtained from subsequent processes. Manipulating the intensity distribution is one of the popular methods that have been widely employed. However, this conventional procedure often generates undesirable artifacts and causes reductions in the information content. An approach based on expanding and compressing the intensity dynamic range is here proposed. By expanding the intensity according to the polarity of local edges, an intermediate image of continuous intensity spectrum is obtained. Then, by compressing this image to the allowed intensity dynamic range, an increase in information content is ensured. The combination of edge guided expansion with compression also enables the preservation of fine details contained in the input image. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms other approaches, which are based on histogram divisions and clippings, in terms of image contrast enhancement.