Ching-Jen Chen

Development of magnetic device for cell separation

A magnetic device that separates red blood cells from the whole blood on a continuous basis is presented. The device utilizes permanent magnets in alternating spatial arrangements. Red blood cells are coupled with magnetic microspheres to facilitate the magnetic separation. Effectiveness of red blood cells separation and purity of plasma solution was improved using the device over conventional centrifugal methods.

Finite analytic numerical method for unsteady two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations

Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to develop a finite analytic (FA) numerical solution for unsteady two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. The FA method utilizes the analytic solution in a small local element to formulate the algebraic representation of partial differential equations. In this study the combination of linear and exponential functions that satisfy the governing equation is adopted as the boundary function, thereby improving the accuracy of the finite analytic solution. Two flows, one a starting cavity flow and the other a vortex shedding flow behind a rectangular block, are solved by the FA method. The starting square cavity flow is solved for Reynolds numbers of 400, 1000, and 2000 to show the accuracy and stability of the FA solution. The FA solution for flow over a rectangular block ( H × H /4) predicts the Strouhal number for Reynolds numbers of 100 and 500 to be 0.156 and 0.125. Details of the flow patterns are given. In addition to streamlines and vorticity distribution, rest-streamlines are given to illustrate the vortex motion downstream of the block.

FINITE-ANALYTIC NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF HEAT TRANSFER IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL CAVITY FLOW

Heat transfer in cavity flow is numerically analyzed by a new numerical method called the finite-analytic method. The basic idea of the finite-analytic method is the incorporation of local analytic solutions in the numerical solutions of linear or nonlinear partial differential equations. In the present investigation, the local analytic solutions for temperature, stream function, and vorticity distributions are derived. When the local analytic solution is evaluated at a given nodal point, it gives an algebraic relationship between a nodal value in a subregion and its neighboring nodal points. A system of algebraic equations is solved to provide the numerical solution of the problem. The finite-analytic method is used to solve heat transfer in the cavity flow at high Reynolds number (103) for Prandtl numbers of 0.1, 1, and 10. The cavity wall is considered to be isothermal at Tw, while the moving wall is held at a different isothermal temperature Tm. Details of temperature, vorticity, and stream functions ...

Polyethylene magnetic nanoparticle: a new magnetic material for biomedical applications

Polyethylene magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by nonsolvent and temperature induced crystallization along with ultrasonication. Low molecular weight polyethylene wax and maghemite were used for forming the composite particles. These particles were further coated with avidin. The nanoparticles are characterized using STEM, AFM and SQUID. Nanomagnetic particles were found to have two distinct morphologies and have superparamagnetic properties.

Apparent viscosity of human blood in a high static magnetic field

This study investigates the apparent additive viscosity due to magnetic effects on the human blood. Experimental results show that blood flow rate under gravity decreases by 30% when subjected to a high magnetic field of 10 T. The decrease in the flow rate is due to an increase in the apparent viscosity of the blood due to the magnetic field. A correlation describing the viscosity of blood under these conditions is introduced which depends on the Langevin function and parameters.

Laser anemometry measurements of pulsatile flow past aortic valve prostheses

Experimental results are presented on physiological pulsatile flow past caged ball and tilting disc aortic valve prostheses mounted in an axisymmetric chamber incorporated in a mock circulatory system. The measurements of velocity profiles and turbulent normal stresses during several times in a cardiac cycle were obtained using laser-Doppler anemometry. Our results show that with increased angle of opening for the tilting disc valves, a large but locally confined vortex is observed along the wall in the minor flow region throughout most of the cardiac cycle. The turbulent normal stresses measured downstream to the tilting disc in the minor flow region parallel to the tilt axis were found to be larger than those measured downstream to the caged ball valves. Comparison of measurements with steady flow at flow rates comparable to peak pulsatile flow rate show that the turbulent normal stresses are larger by a factor of two in pulsatile flow with a frequency of 1.2 Hz.

Modification and characterization of polystyrene-based magnetic microspheres and comparison with albumin-based magnetic microspheres

Polystyrene- and albumin-based magnetic microspheres for red blood cell separation were modified and characterized by scanning electron and atomic force microscopy. Albumin microspheres show higher coupling efficiency with the protein, and protein-modified albumin microspheres bind the red blood cells more efficiently than the polystyrene-based microspheres.

Numerical Simulation of Flow in a Screw-Type Blood Pump

AstractThis study presents a numerical investigation of the flow field in a screw pump designed to circulate biological fluid such as blood. A simplified channel flow model is used to allow analysis using a Cartesian set of coordinates. Finite analytic (FA) numerical simulation of the flow field inside the channel was performed to study the influence of Reynolds number and pressure gradient on velocity distribution and shear stresses across the channel cross-section. Simulation results were used to predict flow rates, circulatory flow and the shear stresses, which are known to be related to the level of red blood cell damage (hemolysis) caused by the pump. The study shows that high shear levels are confined to small regions within the channel cross-section, but the circulatory nature of the flow causes an increased percentage of blood elements to pass through the high shear regions, and increases the likelihood of cell damage.

Pulsatile flow past aortic valve bioprostheses in a model human aorta

Pulsatile flow development past tissue valve prostheses in a model human aorta has been studied using qualitative flow visualization and quantitative laser-Doppler techniques. Experiments were conducted both in steady and physiological pulsatile flow situations and the measurements included the pressure drop across the valve, the instantaneous flow rate as well as the velocity profiles and turbulent stresses downstream to the valves. Our study shows that the velocity profiles with pericardial valves are closer to those measured past natural aortic valves. The porcine valves with a smaller valve opening area produce a narrower and stronger jet downstream from the valve with relatively larger turbulent axial stresses in the boundary of the jet. Our study suggests that the pericardial valves with turbulent stresses comparable to those of caged ball and tilting disc valves are preferable from a hemodynamic point of view.

Design and Analysis of a Surface Micromachined Spiral-Channel Viscous Pump

A new viscous spiral micropump which uses the surface micromachining technology is introduced. We outline the design of a spiral pump fabricated in five levels of polysilicon using Sandias Ultraplanar Multilevel MEMS Technology (SUMMiT), and presents an analytical solution of the floss field in its spiral channel. The pump characteristics are obtained experimentally for a scaled-up prototype