Christopher P. East

Analytical Techniques to Characterize Scales and Deposits

Abstract The chemical composition and physical properties of a deposit/foulant are the first necessary steps in understanding the processes at play that result in its formation, and provide insights on management strategies to minimize operational problems caused by it. Even though strong circumstantial evidence is available to identify the deposit composition, the only reliable means of identification is through the use of nondestructive and/or destructive analytical methods. This chapter describes the principles of the various nondestructive analytical techniques commonly used in the analysis of deposits, in addition to visual and tactile descriptors. Some information is provided on the destructive techniques that in many cases complement historical data. Some case studies are highlighted to provide solutions to typical operational problems encountered in various industries and to highlight the capabilities of these techniques.