Chul Hwan Bang

Antiviral prophylaxis for preventing herpes zoster in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT The optimal duration of prophylaxis for the varicella‐zoster virus following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the available literature to determine the optimal duration of antiviral prophylaxis for preventing herpes zoster (HZ) in allogeneic and autologous HSCT recipients. The MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched to identify relevant studies. The relative risk (RR) of HZ was calculated using fixed effects or random effects models depending on heterogeneity across the included studies. We analyzed six observational studies comprising a total of 3420 patients. In all HSCT recipients, the overall incidence of HZ in the prophylaxis group and the control group was 7.8% and 25.6%, respectively, with a pooled RR of 0.31 (95% CI, 0.26–0.37). The incidence of HZ in the subgroup wherein prophylaxis was given for at least 1 year and in the subgroup wherein prophylaxis was given for less than 1 year was 2.1% and 15.4%, respectively, with a pooled RR of 0.23 (95% CI, 0.04–1.39). Taken together, our results demonstrate that antiviral prophylaxis can significantly reduce HZ in HSCT recipients, and suggests that long‐term prophylaxis given for at least 1 year may be recommended for better preventive effects. HIGHLIGHTSOptimal duration of prophylaxis for varicella‐zoster following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains unclear.Our results demonstrate that antiviral prophylaxis can significantly reduce herpes zoster.It is suggested that long‐term prophylaxis given for at least 1 year may be recommended.

Recent trends (1991-2010) of metastatic skin cancers in Korea.

The incidence of overall cancer has increased over time. The incidence of top-ranking cancers has changed in the 1990s and the 2000s. However, few studies have evaluated the trends in metastatic skin cancers during this period. We evaluated the recent trends in incidence, peak age and location of metastatic skin cancers from 1991 to 2010. This 20-yr survey was divided into two decades to determine the trends by comparing the statistics. Out of 694,466 outpatients (1991-2010), 174 (0.025%) were diagnosed with metastatic skin cancer. The incidence of metastatic skin cancer increased significantly from 20.64 per 100,000 outpatients in the 1990s to 28.70 per 100,000 outpatients in the 2000s (P = 0.030). The peak age of skin metastasis shifted from the 40s to the 50s in women, and from the 50s to the 60s in men. The percentage of metastatic skin cancers originating from intra-abdominal organs increased from 10% in the 1990s to 23.1% in the 2000s (P = 0.027). The percentage of metastatic skin cancers located on the abdomen increased from 7.1% in the 1990s to 15.4% in the 2000s (P = 0.011). The higher proportion of metastatic skin cancers located on the abdomen may be related to the increase in skin metastases from intra-abdominal organs.

Validation of Herpes Zoster Diagnosis Code in the Electronic Medical Record: A Retrospective, Multicenter Study

Vol. 30, No. 2, 2018 253 Received December 28, 2016, Revised April 7, 2017, Accepted for publication May 23, 2017 Corresponding author: Young Min Park, Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea. Tel: 82-2-2258-6223, Fax: 82-2-599-9950, E-mail: yymmpark6301@hotmail.com This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright

Multiple Spitz nevi after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Spitz nevus commonly appears as a solitary lesion. A 12‐year‐old male patient presented with a 6‐month history of several pigmented lesions on his trunk and lower extremities. He had undergone chemoradiotherapy and unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation against recurring acute lymphoblastic leukemia for 6 years. After that, several pigmented lesions abruptly developed on his trunk and lower extremities, and the number of those increased significantly. Pathologically, the diagnosis of multiple Spitz nevi was made. In a clinical correlation, we diagnosed multiple Spitz nevi resulting from such an immunocompromised condition. This is the first description of clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathologic features of multiple Spitz nevi in the hematopoietic cell transplantation (HSCT) recipient child.

Reciprocal relationship between herpes zoster and cardiovascular diseases: A nationwide population-based case-control study in Korea

Recently, herpes zoster (HZ) has been identified as a risk factor for stroke, but there have been few studies on the relationship between HZ and other cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure (HF). The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk of HZ occurrence after CVD and the occurrence of CVD after HZ. This was a retrospective case–control study based on the National Health Insurance System claims database for 20 311 patients with HZ and 13 980 patients with CVD and 1:5 age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects for each from January 2006 to December 2013. We evaluated the reciprocal relationship between HZ and CVD including MI, ischemic stroke and HF. Severe HZ requiring hospitalization independently increased the risk of subsequent MI (hazard ratio [HR], 1.831; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.354–2.476)], ischemic stroke (HR, 1.523; 95% CI, 1.212–1.915) and HF (HR, 2.034; 95% CI, 1.615–2.562) during the study period. Likewise, patients with an episode of MI, ischemic stroke or HF were also at increased risk of HZ hospitalization (after MI: HR, 1.625; 95% CI, 1.144–2.308; after stroke: HR, 1.518; 95% CI, 1.177–1.957; and after HF: HR, 1.485, 95% CI 1.041–2.117). Our results suggest that there is a significant reciprocal relationship between severe HZ requiring hospitalization and CVD including MI, ischemic stroke and HF.

Prevalence and incidence of chronic spontaneous urticaria in the entire Korean adult population

Ethnic differences and temporal trends in the epidemiology of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) are not well understood, especially in East Asia.1-3 The aim of our study was to investigate trends in the prevalence and incidence of CSU among adult Korean subjects from 2006 to 2014 using a nationwide, population-based study. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Pediatric Follicular Lymphoma: A Rare Variant

Vol. 30, No. 4, 2018 489 Received February 2, 2017, Revised August 14, 2017, Accepted for publication August 18, 2017 Corresponding author: Jun Young Lee, Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Marys Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea. Tel: 82-2-2258-6222, Fax: 82-2-599-9950, E-mail: jylee@catholic.ac.kr ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8650-1759 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright

Schnitzler Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Vol. 30, No. 4, 2018 483 Received December 12, 2016, Revised July 25, 2017, Accepted for publication August 16, 2017 Corresponding author: Jun Young Lee, Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea. Tel: 82-2-2258-6222, Fax: 82-2-599-9950, E-mail: jylee@catholic.ac.kr ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8650-1759 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright

P-Phenylenediamine Hair Dye Allergy and Its Clinical Characteristics

Background P-phenylenediamine (PPD) has been identified as the most frequent contact sensitizer of hair dye and the clinical characteristics of hair dye contact allergy (HDCA) are diverse. Objective The purpose of this study was to identify the clinical characteristics of HDCA and to assess the relationships between HDCA, exposure time to PPD and PPD positivity. Methods We analyzed 105 patients with patch test-confirmed hair dye allergy who presented between July 2009 and March 2015. Clinical symptoms, signs, associated skin diseases, involved ACD area, and patterns of hair dye use were obtained by reviewing medical records and by interview. Results HDCA was more common in women and in individuals aged more than 50 years. Pruritus was the most common symptom; erythematous macules and patches were the most frequently observed clinical signs. The most common site of HDCA was the face and non-specific eczema and urticaria were frequently observed with HDCA. Exposure time to hair dye, represented as frequency and duration, showed a positive correlation with the area affected by hair dye allergy (p<0.001). Hair dye allergy was identified in most patients (80%) before diagnosis by patch test. However, only 28.6% of all patients stopped using hair dye, even after the diagnosis was confirmed. Conclusion The extent of hair dye allergy involvement was related to exposure time to hair dye. For effective treatment of HDCA, it is important to properly educate patients with HDCA about the clinical manifestations of HDCA and to keep away from allergens.

Self-Reported Provoking Physical Factors in Patients with Chronic Urticaria: A Questionnaire Study

478 Ann Dermatol Received June 27, 2017, Revised August 7, 2017, Accepted for publication August 11, 2017 Corresponding author: Young Min Park, Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea. Tel: 82-2-2258-6223, Fax: 82-2-599-9950, E-mail: yymmpark6301@hotmail.com ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3631-0807 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright