Cici Darsih

Effects of different drying techniques on the water-soluble polysaccharides content and antioxidant activities of Ganoderma lucidum Karst

Evaluation of Ganoderma lucidum Karst. dried fruiting bodies are important since high quality of dried G. lucidum is crucial either for direct consumption or further processed into pharmaceutical products. The drying process may cause irreversible modifications to the cell wall polysaccharides and affect antioxidant activities. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influences of different drying techniques on the water-soluble polysaccharides content and antioxidant activities of G. lucidum. Fresh fruiting bodies of G. lucidum prepared in two ways: (1) the whole fruiting bodies dried then sliced, and (2) the fruiting bodies sliced previously then dried. Drying experiment were carried out using five different techniques including dried under direct sunlight (SL), dried in the sunlight-covered with black fabric (SL-BF), dried in the shade (DS), oven drying (OD) and air circulation oven drying (AC-OD). Water-soluble polysaccharides content was analyzed by phenol-sulfuric acid method and antioxi...

FORMULATION AND IN VITRO STUDY OF PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE CONTROLLED RELEASE FROM CARBOXYMETHYL CHITOSAN-BASED MATRIX TABLETS

Formulation and in vitro study of propranolol hydrochloride controlled release from carboxymethyl chitosanbased matrix tablets have been conducted. Formulations with various concentrations of carboxymethyl chitosan 2% (F1), 4% (F2), 6% (F3) were done by wet granulation method. Compatibility test was conducted by XRD and FTIR spectroscopy to determine interaction between propranolol hydrochloride and polymer excipients. Dissolution profiles was obtained through in vitro tests release using simulated gastric fluid (without enzymes, pH 1.2) for the first 2 h and followed by simulated intestinal fluid (phosphate buffer solution without enzyme, pH 7.2) for 2 h remaining. The dissolution profile of each formulation was fitted with five kinetics modeling of drug release (zero order, first order, Higuchi, Peppas-Korsmeyer, and Hixson-Crowell). The compatibility test results showed that formulation caused physical interactions between propranolol hydrochloride and polymer excipient but doesn’t make crystallinity nature of propranolol hydrochloride disturbed even after formulation. Dissolution profiles of each formulation showed that controlled release of propranolol hydrochloride from the tablet followed Peppas-Korsmeyer model. It is concluded that carboxymethyl chitosan in appropriate proportions is suitable for formulating propranolol hydrochloride controlled release tablets which exhibit Peppas-Korsmeyer release kinetics.

The elevation effect on water-soluble polysaccharides and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of Ganoderma lucidum K

Water soluble polysaccharide is one of the important phytochemical in Ganoderma lucidum K. Phytochemicals in the plants, microorganisms, and plants were affected by internal and external factors. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of elevation on the water-soluble polysaccharides and its DPPH radical scavenging activity. We found that the water-polysaccharides in mushroom from Godean (elevation <100 mamsl) (35.28 ± 0.31%) higher than Kaliurang (elevation 800 mamsl) (25.17 ± 1.85%). The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of Ganoderma lucidum K from Godean (IC50 11.5 ± 0.29 mg/mL) higher than Kaliurang (IC50 14.4 ± 0.27%).

Development and in vitro evaluation of carboxymethyl chitosan based drug delivery system for the controlled release of propranolol hydrochloride

Propranolol hydrochloride is a nonselective β-adrenergic drug and has been used as angina pectoris, antihypertensive, and that of many other cardiovascular disorders. It has a relatively short plasma half-life and duration of action are considered too short in certain circumstances. Thus, its fascinating to elongate the action. The tablet formula was based on extended-release by a propranolol hydrochloride based carboxymethyl chitosan matrix. Here we used direct compression technique with internal wet granulation to prepare the tablets. The tablets were evaluated for physical properties (hardness, weight variation test, friability) and in vitro release studies. There was no interaction observed between propranolol hydrochloride and excipients. Dissolution profiles of each formulation were followed zero order model. In conclusion, these results strongly suggest that in appropriate proportions carboxymethyl chitosan with internal granulation is suitable for formulating propranolol hydrochloride controlled release.

Comparative Study of Powdered Ginger Drink Processed by Different Method:Traditional and using Evaporation Machine

Ginger drink is one of the traditional beverage that became one of the products of interest by consumers in Indonesia. This drink is believed to have excellent properties for the health of the body. In this study, we have compared the moisture content, ash content, metal content and the identified compound of product which processed with traditional technique and using an evaporator machine. The results show that both of products fulfilled some parameters of the Indonesian National Standard for the traditional powdered drink. GC-MS analysis data showed the identified compound of both product. The major of hydrocarbon groups that influenced the flavor such as zingiberene, camphene, beta-phelladrine, beta-sesquepelladrine, curcumene, and beta-bisabolene were found higher in ginger drink powder treated with a machine than those processed traditionally.