Cinthia Cabral da Costa

O subsídio cruzado às exportações de açúcar da União Européia: impacto sobre as exportações brasileiras de açúcar

Este trabalho apresenta e discute um procedimento para quantificar os efeitos dos subsidios cruzados auferidos pelas exportacoes de acucar refinado da Uniao Europeia (UE) sobre a exportacao brasileira de acucar. Estimou-se, a principio, o impacto do subsidio sobre o preco ao qual o acucar refinado e exportado pela UE. Esse efeito-preco foi associado a elasticidade-preco cruzada da demanda de importacao de acucar. A seguir, procedeu-se a simulacao da eliminacao do subsidio ao acucar na Uniao Europeia para estimar o impacto dessa mudanca sobre a demanda de importacao pelo acucar brasileiro refinado. Essa demanda de importacao foi limitada, no entanto, apenas aos mercados comuns ao Brasil e a EU, durante o periodo da analise. Esse impacto foi desagregado em termos das principais regioes produtoras do Pais, tendo-se verificado que o incremento pela importacao do acucar da regiao Centro-Sul do Brasil seria bem mais expressivo, da ordem de seis vezes superior ao estimado para a regiao Norte-Nordeste.

Relations of the regional Brazilian cane agro-industry with the national economy: analysis applied to the Centre-South and North-Northeast

Cane, sugar and ethanol production in Brazil has been divided between two major production regions, the Centre-South (CS) and the North-Northeast (NNE), which present very different productivity, and henceforth production costs. The CS average productivity is more than 72 tonnes of cane per hectare, while average productivity in the NNE is 49 tonnes per hectare. The objective of the study was to establish interrelations between the cane agro-industry and other regional sectors and with the overall Brazilian economy. This framework was used to compare a demand impact upon regional cane production upon the regional and the overall Brazilian economy. An interregional input–output matrix was used to characterize how regional demand impacts on both regional and overall Brazilian economies. Rasmussen–Hirschman indexes, together with a pure linkage index were used for the analysis. In addition, production multipliers, with and without considering endogenous family consumption were estimated. The results showed that a positive demand impact upon the cane agro-industry produces a greater impact upon the NNE compared to the CS, considering income effects, indicating that cane production is more important for the NNE than for the CS. These results can be useful to establish priorities for development policies for the country.

Alternativas para disciplinar o efeito de distorção do preço e do comércio mundial causado pelos subsídios agrícolas

The limits to agricultural subsidies established in the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture could cause trade-distorting domestic support. This study suggests limits in the subsidy value to level the maximum price distortion for each product. A partial equilibrium model was estimated for the products. The maximum value of subsidy to main agricultural products in the country-regionplaceUSA., causing a two percentage limit in their world price, were: US

The role of ethanol in the brazilian economy: three decades of progress

1.0 billion to soybean; US

IMPACTOS ECONÔMICOS DO SISTEMA DE DETECÇÃO E ELIMINAÇÃO PRECOCE DE CITROS COM HUANGLONGING

0.6 billion to cotton; US

Agricultural Subsidies in the WTO Green Box: Agricultural subsidies in the WTO green box: opportunities and challenges for developing countries

0.2 billion to rice; US

SUPPLY BEHAVIOR OF HYDROUS ETHANOL IN BRAZIL

1.4 to corn and US

IMPACTOS POTENCIAIS DA AGRICULTURA DE PRECISÃO SOBRE A ECONOMIA BRASILEIRA

1.3 billion to wheat. Therefore, those patterns of product value could be used as a parameter to product subsidy cap.