Cláudia Marina Tavares de Araújo

Persistência de hábitos de sucção não nutritiva: prevalência e fatores associados

OBJECTIVES: to identify the prevalence of nonnutritive sucking habits in preschoolers and verify factors associated with persistent habit. METHODS: a cross-sectional analytical study conducted in 17 public educational units of Recife/PE through questionnaire with 524 preschooler guardians. Dependent (digital and pacifier sucking) and independent variables, related to the children (sex, age, breastfeeding, bottle feeding, nocturnal enuresis, school period, caregiver, birth order, dentist visit) and to their mothers (schooling, age, familiar income, outside work, work shift, cohabitation, habits guidance), were associated by Pearson´s chi-square test, Fisher´s Exact test and Poisson´s regression. RESULTS: prevalence of nonnutritive sucking habits was 57%; 47,5% pacifier sucking, 5,7% digital sucking and 3,8% of both habits. After odds ratio adjustment, in a multivariate analysis, variables: breastfeeding and bottle feeding duration remained associated with pacifier sucking, while others variables as mother education, bottle feeding, and children´s age and sex were statistically significant with digital sucking. CONCLUSIONS: nonnutritive sucking habits showed high prevalence, being pacifier sucking most prevalent. Factors related to breastfeeding pattern (bottle feeding and breastfeeding duration) were explanatory factors to the habits persistence and psychosocial factors had relevant association.

Conhecimento e intervenção do cuidador na doença de Alzheimer: uma revisão da literatura

Objective: To analyze systematically the knowledge of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and the strategies used by the caregiver to act on the symptoms presented by the elderly with AD. Methods: Search of articles at PubMed, MedLine, Lilacs and SciELO, using the following keywords and free terms to search strategy, according to their definitions in DeCS and MeSH: “cuidadores” or “educacao em saude” or “treinamento” or “cuidadores de idosos” and “doenca de Alzheimer”; “elderly caregiving” or “training” or “health education” or “caregivers” and “Alzheimer disease”; “cuidadores de personas mayores” or “formacion” or “educacion en salud” or “cuidadores” and “enfermedad de Alzheimer”. Results: We found 12 articles to analyze and reading in full. The articles were classified into three categories: 1) Knowledge about the cognitive and functional decline of Alzheimer’s disease; 2) Knowledge about the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD); 3) Knowledge about language impairment. In most studies, it was found that the orientation about the disease and its evolution can interfere with how the caregiver plans and executes the actions of care. Conclusion: It is extremely necessary to create opportunities for family caregivers and professionals know the disease to understand the patient and the possibilities for action (safe and effective) with him. It is possible through implementing psychoeducational programs that provide information and practical guidance to improve the care provided by caregivers of patients with AD.

Efetividade da fonoterapia no tratamento do pólipo em pregas vocais

The aim of this study was to verify the effectiveness of speech therapy in the treatment of vocal fold polyps by reviewing existing literature. Literature search was conducted through PublicMedline platform and the Scopus, Science Direct, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Web of Science databases, followed by critical pre-selection and deep analysis of the articles. There were included original articles in which the speech therapy was used as treatment for vocal polyp, no publication date or language restrictions. There were excluded studies addressing just other treatments for vocal polyp and also articles in which the speech therapy was used only after laryngeal surgery. A total of 905 articles were found. However, after the selection stages, only nine articles were chosen to be part of the sample. The selected articles were fully analyzed, registered through previously developed protocol. The articles analyzed in this study showed poor methodology and lack of standardization regarding the speech therapy protocols and procedures used. It was consisted mostly by retrospective case series. The sample of studies reviewed presented variation in the number of participants, the type of lesion and type of polyp. The predominant type of intervention in the studies was the direct and indirect speech therapy associated, which demonstrated effectiveness in the treatment of polyps on the vocal folds. Speech therapy for the treatment of vocal fold polyps demonstrated effectiveness between 30% and 100% of the analyzed studies, with better results in small and recent polyps.

Mild cognitive impairment in the elderly Relationship between communication and functional capacity

Abstract Mild Cognitive Impairment is characterized as an intermediate form between age-related change and dementia. For the elderly, autonomy and independence are related to the ability to remain active in conducting their social activities and, for this to occur, communication is fundamental in this process. Objective: To assess the association between communication and the abilities of elderly people with mild cognitive impairment to perform instrumental activities of daily living. Methods: A cross-sectional, quantitative, analytical, correlational study was conducted at the Open University of the Third Age (UnATI), a program of the Federal University of Pernambuco. This study included 92 people, comprising 46 elderly with mild cognitive impairment and a caregiver or family member who met the inclusion criteria. The elderly were asked to complete a sociodemographic questionnaire and Lawton-Brody’s Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale. The caregivers were asked to complete the Functional Assessment of Communication Skills. The following variables were studied: social communication skills and instrumental activities of daily living. Data were stored in an Excel® 2007 spreadsheet, and the Pearson correlation test was used for the statistical analysis. Results: There were statistically significant correlations in four domains of social communication: referring to family members by name (p=0.0033); requesting information about people or events (p=0.0355); understanding conversations in a noisy environment (p=0.0448); and understanding what they watch on television or listen to on the radio (p=0.0127). Conclusion: Changes in the communication of elderly people with mild cognitive impairment interfere with their ability to perform instrumental activities autonomously and independently.

Desenvolvimento da fala e alimentação infantil: possíveis implicações

Objetivo: identificar a associacao entre habito alimentar e desenvolvimento da fala em criancas pre-escolares. Metodos: estudo do tipo caso-controle, com amostra constituida por 273 criancas matriculadas nos Centros Municipais de Educacao Infantil da cidade do Recife. Foi pesquisada a associacao do desfecho com variaveis referentes a caracteristicas socioeconomicas, habitos de succao nutritiva e nao nutritiva e desenvolvimento do sistema estomatognatico. Foram utilizados os softwares STATA/SE 9.0 e Excel 2007 para calcular a medida de risco, OddsRatio, o intervalo de confianca de 95% e o valor de p≤0,05. Para verificar a existencia de associacao, aplicou-se o teste qui-quadrado para variaveis categoricas. Resultados: no que se refere as alteracoes de fala, verificou-se associacao significante no sexo masculino. Ja os habitos de succao nao se associaram significantemente com o desfecho estudado. Com relacao ao sistema estomatognatico, registra-se associacao significante as alteracoes de fala, principalmente no que concerne a postura habitual de labios e lingua, assim como com a presenca de oclusopatias. Nao houve associacao significante entre a variavel de consistencia alimentar e o evento estudado. Conclusao: a consistencia alimentar demonstrou associacao significante com variaveis que impactam na fisiologia adequada do sistema estomatognatico, em termos de orgaos fonoarticulatorios e desempenho de funcoes, podendo-se inferir que padrao alimentar e fala constituem ponto de convergencia na saude infantil.