Adriana de Oliveira Camargo Gomes

Nasal Airway Dimensions of Children With Repaired Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

Objective To measure cross-sectional areas of the main nasal constrictions as a function of the distance into the nose in children with repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate, as compared with children without cleft, by acoustic rhinometry. Design Prospective analysis. Setting Craniofacial anomalies hospital. Participants A total of 39 children with repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate and 34 healthy controls without cleft, of both genders, aged 6 to 9 years. Interventions/Variables Nasal cross-sectional areas measured at the three main deflections of the rhinogram (CSA1, CSA2, CSA3) and distances from the nares (dCSA1, dCSA2, dCSA3) were assessed by means of an Eccovision Acoustic Rhinometer, before and after nasal decongestion. Differences were analyzed at a significance level of 5%. Results At the cleft side, mean CSA1, CSA2, and CSA3 values ± standard deviation obtained before nasal decongestion were 0.17 ± 0.12, 0.29 ± 0.20, and 0.40 ± 0.28 cm2, respectively, and dCSA1, dCSA2, and dCSA3 values ± standard deviation were 2.02 ± 0.40, 3.74 ± 0.51, and 5.50 ± 0.44 cm, respectively. At the noncleft side, these were 0.33 ± 0.11, 0.65 ± 0.28, and 0.90 ± 0.43 cm2, respectively, and 1.69 ± 0.48, 3.67 ± 0.53, and 5.60 ± 0.70 cm, respectively. Increased cross-sectional area means were seen after nasal decongestion in the control and cleft groups. Mean cross-sectional area values at the cleft side were significantly smaller than noncleft side and control values, and the mean dCSA1 value was smaller at the noncleft side before and after decongestion. Conclusions Objective assessment of internal nasal dimensions has shown that children with unilateral cleft lip and palate have a significant impairment of nasal patency due to the reduced cross-sectional areas seen at the cleft side.

Nascidos vivos com fissura de lábio e/ou palato: as contribuições da fonoaudiologia para o Sinasc

OBJETIVO:caracterizar os casos de fissura de labio e/ou palato atendidos num centro de referencia do estado de Pernambuco e os nascidos vivos notificados ao Sistema de Informacao sobre Nascidos Vivos com essa malformacao, mensurando a subnotificacao dos casos de fissura nesse sistema.METODOS:desenvolveu-se um estudo epidemiologico, cuja populacao foram criancas nascidas em 2009 e atendidas no centro de referencia para deformidades craniofaciais em Pernambuco, e pelos nascidos vivos no mesmo ano, notificados ao Sinasc com a fissura. Realizou-se um linkage deterministico entre ambas as fontes de dados e foram considerados subnotificados os casos que constaram na lista de atendimentos do centro de referencia, mas que nao foram notificados no Sinasc.RESULTADOS:dos 138 casos com fissura encontrados no Centro de Referencia, 37,70% nasceram com fissura transforame e 66,40% do sexo masculino. No Sinasc, foram notificados 78 nascidos vivos com essa malformacao, sendo a maioria do sexo masculino e com distribuicao homogenea em relacao ao tipo da fissura. Dos 138 casos localizados no Centro de Referencia, 86 nao foram notificados ao Sinasc, perfazendo uma subnotificacao de 110,3%.CONCLUSAO:existe uma alta subnotificacao da fissura de labio e/ou palato no Sinasc. Apesar dos dados fazerem referencia ao estado de Pernambuco, acredita-se que reflete uma realidade nacional.

Perfil de extensão vocal em coristas após técnica de vibração de língua associada a escalas

Purpose: to identify the immediate effect of the sonorous tongue-trill technique associated with tonal variation on the vocal range profile of chorists, analyzing time spent on choral singing, voice types and exercises. Methods: quantitative cross-sectional study, with 13 singers, eight women and five men, mean age of 39± 20.11 years, with different voice types. The vocal range profile was obtained using Vocalgrama software (CTS Informatica). Samples were collected at three different times: before, after one minute and after two minutes of applying the sonorous tongue-trill technique associated with tonal variation. Results: six chorists (46.2%) showed an increase in vocal range profile after two minutes of the technique. Sopranos and tenors obtained higher mean vocal range profile at any of the three times considered. Conclusion: the sonorous tongue-trill technique associated with tonal variation had no effect on the vocal range profile of the chorists under study. However, time spent on exercises and voice types seemed to have an influence on the results.

Factors associated with speech-language disorders in motorcycle accident victims

Purpose To investigate factors associated with speech-language disorders in victims of motorcycle accidents. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. Victims of motorcycle accidents studied were treated at Hospital da Restauração between June and July 2014. The data were collected by consulting the records and direct interviews with these, at admission and after discharge. For analysis were raised single frequencies, average and chi-square test or Fishers exact test. The margin of error used in the statistical tests was 5%, and the intervals were obtained with 95% reliability. Results 99 individuals were studied, 90.9% male, the mean age of 32.7 years. It found a high percentage of 42.3% of drunk drivers and 51.5% were not enabled. The Head Injuries were present in 30.3% of cases. The most affected body area were the lower limbs (71.7%), followed by the head and face region (56.6%). It was also found that 30.3% had complaints of speech pathology after hospital discharge and a statistically significant association between speech therapy complaint and not enabled (p=0.012) and collisions between bikes (p=0.004). Conclusion There was a high percentage of lesions in the head and face resulting from accidents, associated mainly not eligible to drive bike and collisions between motorcycles, suggesting that these factors can aggravate injuries speech therapy.

Change in the nose areas in children with mouth breathing after nasal cleansing and massage

Purpose To analyze the changes occurred in the nasal cavity geometry, before and after nasal cleansing, through nasal aeration and acoustic rhinometry in children with oral breathing. Methods Twenty children aged four to 12 years were included in the study. The gathering of participants was conducted at the Multifunctional Laboratory of the Speech Pathology Department of the Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE. The following procedures were conducted: Identification Index of Signs and Symptoms of Oral Breathing; marking of nasal expiratory airflow using the graded mirror of Altmann, and examination of the Nasal Geometry by Acoustic Rhinometry. The same procedures were performed after nasal massage and cleansing with saline solution. Results Significant change was observed in the areas with respect to the nasal airflow on both sides after nasal cleansing and massage. As for nasal geometry, measured by acoustic rhinometry, comparison between the nostrils showed that the effect of cleansing and massage was discrete. Conclusion Nasal aeration measures showed sensitivity to the cleansing and massage technique and measures of nasal geometry confirmed its effect on respiratory physiology.