Claudia Yamu

Assuming it is all about conditions. Framing a simulation model for complex, adaptive urban space

In this paper, we explore the route beyond the conventional, linear attitude within planning and its rationality debate. We combine our theoretical reasoning with a multiscale approach and with fractal-like argumentation which results in a frame of conditions which is supported by the outline of a theoretical conceptual simulation model which would also allow non-linear, iterative simulations of the urban space. The understanding of autonomous non-linear spatial development has a direct impact on planning. Addressing the underlying thinking behind Haken’s synergetics we develop a framework within which the interdependencies between different levels of scale are key. We are aware that bottom-up and top-down processes often have a mutual influence on one another. We therefore propose a conceptual simulation model for planning where conditions have an impact at various levels of scale. In coherence with the idea of the ‘dynamic behaviour of the system after a planning decision was made’, this feedback gives us information on the surviving and non-surviving planning scenarios and decisions and is reminiscent of systems which are open to self-organizing pattern formation. Our reasoning with regard to planning and decision-making and their multilevel consequences is strongly influenced by the arguments presented in complexity studies.

Spatial accessibility to amenities, natural areas and urban green spaces: using a multiscale, multifractal simulation model for managing urban sprawl

We are confronted with rising energy consumption inter alia due to increasing worldwide mobility contributing to the greenhouse effect and global warming. Thus, one of the challenges in planning is to manage urban sprawl by introducing an efficient distribution of agglomerations and an optimal urban pattern incorporating economic, ecological, and social expectations of sustainable regional and urban development. In order to tackle these challenges we have taken a specific interest in the benefits of using a multifractal logic combined with measures of accessibility to urban and rural amenities including temporal settings for planning. Herein, we propose a multiscale, multifractal simulation model named Fractalopolis for simulating and evaluating scenarios consistently from a regional to a neighbourhood scale. Access to shops, services, and facilities can be improved by altering the location, whereas access to natural areas and urban green spaces can be improved by suggesting different areas for urbanization. The urbanization strategy will impact on the future regional layout and urban form. The computer application supports GIS data for incorporating the simulation system into planning support systems to support planning processes and assist with choice processes.

It Is Simply Complex(ity)

Abstract Models and simulations are “hot”1 as they can support planning and planning processes in various ways. With digital models and simulations, we can obtain an overview as well as gain insight into complex spatial problems, support decision-making, e.g. dealing with limited resources of time and manpower and clashing views between stakeholders that have to be resolved, and draft possible solutions across scales. We thereby create planning strategies that act as “guidelines into the future” (Richtschnüre in die Zukunft, Scholl 2005: 1122). In this paper, we reflect on the idea of complexity, what it means for spatial models and simulations and how models cope with it, e.g. space syntax (2D), its impact on decision-making, and the added value of 3D visualizations and virtual realities (VR). Moving on to the notion of time (4D) we introduce the idea of an evolutionary perspective for planning in the light of an unpredictable future. In conclusion, we forge a link to planning processes and strategic planning.