Claudio Ernani Mendes da Silva

Propriedades químicas e de pasta dos amidos de trigo e milho fosforilados

Wheat and maize starches were phosphorylated with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPS) at 4 different levels of addition. The maximum viscosities of the wheat doughs formed were increased and the dough temperatures decreased as the degrees of substitution of phosphate groups were increased; while for the maize starch the viscosities were increased and the dough temperatures remained constant. The phosphorylated starches (starch/water, 1:10) were subjected to cooking (100 oC/1 minute), followed by drying (40 oC/~ 4.0 per cent moisture) and milling (particle diameter, Φ = 0.149 mm) to determine the resistant starch (RS) content. For the lowest degree of substitution of phosphate groups in wheat starch (0.0029), resistant starch content of 30.46 per cent was found, while for maize starch RS content of 24.36 per cent was found. For the highest degree of substitution in wheat starch (0.0127) 46.69 per cent of RS content was found; while for maize starch, RS content of 28.40 per cent was found. According to the results, the increase in the degree of substitution in both cases seems to induce an increase in the resistant starch content, and phosphorylation with TPS was shown to be an excellent method for producing significant quantities of resistant starch in both wheat and maize starch.

Efeito do aleitamento artificial à base de soro de queijo de leite cabra sobre as características da carcaça e da carne de cabritos "mamão" do tipo genético three cross

In this study, the influence of the replacement of cow milk by goat cheese whey on some quality aspects of meat and on some aspects of carcass composition of suckling kids Three cross (½ Anglonubiana x ¼ Pardo-Alpina x ¼ Moxoto) was evaluated. The replacements goat cheese whey levels were: 0% (treatment 1); 20% (treatment 2); 40% (treatment 3); 60% (treatment 4). The values of live weight for all were statistically similar (10.88 to 13.42kg); the same happened to the carcass yield which ranged from 44.62 to 47.86% and to the Longissimus dorsi area (9.55 to 10.80cm2). The treatment 2 showed the highest contents of muscular tissue (48.37%). Proximal composition of the meat showed mean values ranging from 76.78 to 77.62% for moisture; 20.39 to 21.43% for protein; 4.86 to 6.59% for fat and 1.06 to 1.14% for ash. There was no significant difference among treatments. For mineral composition mean values ranged from 16.77 to 35.68mg/100g for calcium; 110.33 to 153.90mg/100g for phosphorus; 1.29 to 2.17mg/100g for iron; 0.72 to 1.30mg/100g for magnesium; 128.86 to 165.94mg/100g for sodium and 404.88 to 504.73mg/100g for potassium. It was concluded that the whey levels used in this study, did not influence in the parameters analyzed (P<0,05). It can be indicated a replacement of up to 60% of whey on the animal diets without affecting their corporal performance and meat quality.

Use of Tannic Acid as Dough Oxidizing and Vitamin C Protective Agent

ABSTRACT Trials with tannic acid in three concentrations (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3%) in a wheat flour dough were run to test its property to preserve the ascorbic acid degradation during baking and its performance in the dough viscoelasticity measured by its extensigraphic properties. The addition of tannic acid to the dough in the cited concentrations increased its resistance to extension (RE) and consequently reduced its extensibility (E) in the same way that ascorbic acid performed but using concentrations 10× smaller. In a dough containing ascorbic acid 0.02% and tannic acid 0.3%, the ascorbic acid retention after 10 days of storage was 34.8%, which represents 154% of the recommended daily intake of vitamin C by FAO/WHO (2002) for an adult (19–65 years old). The addition of tannic acid to the dough also increased the bread specific volume.