Claudionor Camilo da Costa

Avaliação da qualidade da água e percepção higiênico-sanitária na área rural de Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil, 1999-2000

In addition to personal interviews, laboratory analyses were performed using 80 water samples from 45 rural areas that are crossed by the Agua Limpa and Santa Cruz streams close to the city of Lavras, southern Minas Gerais State. The results allowed comparing the quality of water used for agriculture and the identification of determinant factors. The Agua Limpa stream mostly crosses an area used primarily for housing and characterized by low schooling. Many houses are supplied by shallow water wells and have ordinary cesspits for human waste disposal. All springs are polluted. The Santa Cruz stream displays a different scenario. The land is used mostly for agricultural purposes. Most owners live in town, with widely varied levels of school, from none to university. The houses are supplied by surface water. Most of the springs are polluted. The perception by both home and land owners concerning quality of the drinking water is determined solely by the waters physical and organoleptic characteristics. Sanitary parameters are not taken into account. Moreover, there is no relationship between fecal contamination and the type of spring. Land use and anthropic activity are far more important than the type of spring for water quality.

Desenvolvimento e operação de reator anaeróbio de manta de lodo (UASB) no tratamento dos efluentes da suinocultura em escala laboratorial

A atividade suinicola vem, desde meados da decada de 70, sendo uma das mais poluidoras atividades agroindustriais no Estado de Minas Gerais. Sendo assim, objetivou-se desenvolver um Reator Anaerobio de Manta de Lodo (UASB-Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) visando tratar os dejetos produzidos com maxima eficiencia dentro de um tempo e com custo reduzidos. Para tanto um experimento em escala laboratorial foi projetado e monitorado no Laboratorio de Analise de Agua do Departamento de Engenharia da Universidade Federal de Lavras (LAADEG), sendo composto por um Tanque de Acidificacao e Equalizacao (TAE), um Reator Anaerobio de Manta de Lodo e uma Lagoa Aerada Facultativa (LAF), o qual foi alimentado com fluxo continuo. As analises fisico-quimicas realizadas foram: DQO, DBO5, Solidos Totais (Fixos e Volateis), Temperatura, pH, Nitrogenio, Fosforo, Acidez e Alcalinidade Total. O sistema proporcionou eficiencia de remocao media de 93% de DQO, 84% de DBO5 e 85% de Solidos Totais Volateis, demonstrando adequada adaptacao aos diversos tempos de detencao hidraulica adotados (55, 40, 30, 25, 18 e 15 horas). Os parâmetros adotados na partida do reator UASB foram: COV: 1,11kgDQO.m-3.d-1, COB: 0,019 kgDBO5.kgSVT-1.d-1 e TDH: 55h.

Uso de lagoa aerada facultativa como polimento do reator anaeróbio de manta de lodo UASB no tratamento de dejetos de suínos em escala laboratorial

Nowadays the agro-industry activities have not only focused its direction to the production increasing, but also, to the environmental preservation. The swine production is amo doubt, an activity, which can be considered, one of the most pollutants, mainly in the Minas Gerais State (BRAZIL). Therefore, this research aimed at developing and operating an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor (UASB), followed by an Aerobic Facultative Pound (AFP) (Lab-Scale), with the objective of treating the liquid effluent originated from swine with the maximum efficiency and lower costs. The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Water Analysis of the Engineering Department of the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA). The system was assembled with an Acidification Equalization Tank (AET), an UASB reactor and an Aerobic Facultative Pound (AFP) for polishing the UASB effluent. The physical-chemical analysis carried out through out the experiment, were: pH, BOD5, CODT, Total Solids, Temperature, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Alkalinity, and total acidity. The AFP unity showed an average efficiency of 83 and 42% for remooing CODT and total Nitrogen, respectively. The whole system operated with an average of 93, 84 and 85% of CODT, BOD5 and Total Volatile Solids, respectively.

Perdas de solo e água por erosão hídrica em floresta equiânea em Um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo - DOI:10.5039/agraria.v5i4a724

Water erosion contributes significantly in soil degradation, and vegetation cover is one of the important factors that influence the intensity of this erosion on the soil. To this end, this study aimed to evaluate soil and water losses by water erosion under natural rainfall in eucalyptus even-aged forest, relating them to limit-values of tolerance in a Red-Yellow Dystrophic Latosol. A standard plot was installed within the forest. From this collection, soil and water collections were carried out, after each erosive rainfall. The estimated soil loss presented and average value of 0.2566 t ha -1 in the study period (six months). The estimated water loss was of 8.36 mm in the study period. These low values found show the sustainability of the studied forest, within the context of erosion, when compared to the soil loss tolerance limit, and to other research findings in native forest and bare soil.