Cleyton Prado Pinheiro

Prevalência sorológica e molecular de Babesia bovis e Babesia bigemina em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) na Ilha de Marajó, Pará

O objetivo do estudo foi testar a prevalencia sorologica e molecular de Babesia bovis e Babesia bigemina em bufalos da Ilha de Marajo, Para. Foi utilizado ensaio de imunoadsorcao enzimatico indireto (iELISA) com antigeno total contendo proteinas de superficie externa e reacao em cadeia da polimerase (qPCR), envolvendo o uso de SYBR Green com base na amplificacao de um pequeno fragmento de gene do citocromo b. A prevalencia de animais positivos no ELISA para B. bovis, B. bigemina e para infeccao mista foi de 24.87% (199/800), 20.75% (166/800) e 18.75% (150/800), respectivamente. Na PCR foi detectado a presenca de B. bovis em 15% (18/199) e de B. bigemina em 16% (19/199) dos animais, sendo que destes, 58% (11/19) apresentavam-se co-infectados pelos dois agentes. Os resultados mostram uma baixa prevalencia de anticorpos anti-B. bovis e anti-B. bigemina em bufalos da Ilha do Marajo. Porem, observou-se que os agentes da babesiose bovina circulam em bufalos, podendo estes atuar como reservatorios.

Níveis de fósforo, cobre, cobalto e zinco em bubalinos (Bubalus bubalis) na Ilha de Marajó, Estado do Pará

The study comprised 104 adults buffaloes, without distinction of race and sex, reared extensively, without supplementation, in native pastures of low nutritional quality, in the municipalities of Breves, Cachoeira do Arari, Salvaterra and Soure, Marajo Island, Para. Samples of liver, bone and blood were collected from 26 animals in the municipality of Salvaterra, from 38 animals in the municipality of Soure, from 20 animals in the municipality of Breves and from 20 animals in the municipality of Cachoeira do Arari. Determination of the levels of phosphorus in the blood serum and bone ash, and of the specific gravity of bone, and of cobalt, copper and zinc in liver tissue were performed. The average phosphorus concentrations in blood serum (6.26mg/dl) and bone (10.77%), the percentage of ash (60.87%) and specific gravity (1.59g/ml) of bone were lower than the critical levels established for cattle, characterizing phosphorus deficiency. The average concentrations of copper (5.57ppm) and zinc (27.05ppm) was considered low when compared with reference values, characterizing deficiency for these elements. In the case of cobalt when considering the detectable and undetectable values by the methodology, it was observed that 51.92% of the animals had levels below the reference, indicating the occurrence of cobalt deficiency in these animals. It is emphasized that the deficiencies of copper and zinc were the most severe since all animals studied showed deficient levels of these elements.

Etiologia e perfil de sensibilidade de bactérias isoladas de ovelhas com mastite na região nordeste do estado do Pará

The objective of this paper was to study the etiology of mastitis in sheep at northeastern Para, and to establish the sensitivity of isolated bacteria to antibiotics. A total of 176 Santa Ines nursing sheep kept in semi-intensive system from seven properties were examined. The mammary gland was clinically examined and the milk was submitted to the Caneca Telada Test, the California Mastitis Test (CMT), bacteriological examinations and antibiograms. Out of the 352 mammary halves (176 sheep), 5.9% (21/352) had clinical mastitis and by the CMT test, 7.39% (26/352) had subclinical mastitis and 86.64% (305/352) mammary halves did not have mastitis. Most of the animals with mastitis were in the second third of the lactation period, had less kids and more lactation periods. The following bacteria were isolated from the clinical mastitis Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negative (42,9%); Staphylococcus aureus (9.52%); Streptococcus spp. (4.76%) and Escherichia coli (4.76%). Were observed associations of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. (4,76%); Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negative nonhemolytic, Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negative hemolytic and Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negative non hemolytic pigment (4.76%). Already in subclinical mastitis the bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negative (26.9%); Staphylococcus aureus (15.,4%); Streptococcus spp. (7.69%); Escherichia coli (7.69%) and Citrobacter freundii (11.5%). Were observed associations of Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negative nonhemolytic and Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negative hemolytic (3.85%). The most efficient antibiotics for the Gram positive agents were penicile/novobiocine (100%), cefalotine (100%) and florfenicol (100%) and for the Citrobacter freundii were ampicilina (100%) and florfenicol (100%). In relation to Escherichia coli, 66.7% of isolates to ampicillin, cephalothin, florfenicol and tetracycline were resistant. Mastitis is present in sheep in the State of Para, and its necessary to estimate, in future studies, the economic losses caused by this disease. The CMT show satisfactory results and can be recommended as a screening test for diagnosing individual cases of subclinical mastitis in sheep, once had a good relationship with the microbiological examination. In the antibiogram where most of the isolated agents appear sensitive to different antibiotics tested, the antibiotics with the best efficiency were florfenicol and cefoxitin.

Intoxicação por Cestrum laevigatum (Solanaceae) em bubalinos

Based on the history and clinical and pathological data, as well as on inspection of the pastures, a mortality of buffaloes in the county of Itaguai/RJ, Brazil, was diagnosed as poisoning by Cestrum laevigatum Schlecht., a plant of the Solanaceae family. The poisoning was reproduced in two buffaloes. Dried leaves of the shrub were administered by hand, in single doses corresponding to 20g/kg and 40g/kg of the fresh leaves, to four buffaloes of the Murrah breed. The dose corresponding to 40g/kg of the fresh leaves caused signs of poisoning, as apathy, anorexia, absence of rumen movements, dysmetria, excitement and aggressiveness, followed by death of the two buffaloes within 65 hours after administration. From the two buffaloes that received the corresponding dose of 20g/kg of the fresh plant, one presented clinical signs characterized mainly by decrease of the rumen movements, but recovered 97h22min after the administration; the other buffalo did not show symptoms of poisoning. Laboratory analyses for biochemical evaluation accused hepatic alterations. In one buffalo that died, the main macroscopic finding was an orange liver with a clear nutmeg appearance; in the second buffalo, the orange liver had no nutmeg appearance. Other alterations found in these two buffaloes were slight edema of the gall bladder wall, a slightly reddish mucous membrane of the abomasum, extensive echymoses in the endocard of the left ventricle and few petechiae in the endocard of the right ventricle; the abomasum content was slightly dry, and the large intestine had little and slightly dry contents wrapped by mucus. Histopatological examination revealed severe coagulative necrosis of the liver parenchyma in the centrolobular and intermediate lobular areas, with a halo of vacuolated hepatocytes at the periphery of the necrotic areas.

Degenerative joint disease in cattle and buffaloes in the Amazon region: a retrospective study

Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo sobre os aspectos epidemiologicos e clinico-patologicos em bovinos e bufalos com doenca articular degenerativa (DAD) no estado do Para, Brasil. Durante os anos de 1999 a 2014 foram avaliados 11 bovinos e 24 bubalinos. Todos os animais atendidos com suspeita clinica de DAD foram submetidos a exame clinico do sistema locomotor. Foram necropsiados sete bovinos e oito bubalinos com sinais clinicos da enfermidade. Os sinais clinicos comuns observados em ambas as especies foram claudicacao cronica, andar rigido, alteracoes posturais, crepitacoes audiveis no membro acometido, decubito prolongado, dificuldade para levantar, e emagrecimento progressivo. As lesoes articulares evidenciadas na necropsia consistiram em irregularidade da superficie articular, presenca de erosao na cartilagem articular e no tecido osseo subjacente, proliferacao de tecido osseo periarticular com formacao de osteofitos. Tanto nos bovinos como nos bubalinos as articulacoes mais acometidas foram as dos membros posteriores. Nos bubalinos, possivelmente o principal fator predisponente ao surgimento de DAD foi a deficiencia de fosforo, ao contrario dos bovinos, nos quais os defeitos de conformacao anatomica dos membros posteriores, traumas cronicos em virtude da atividade exercida, como a coleta de semen e a idade avancada, foram o que, possivelmente, contribuiram para surgimento da enfermidade.