Melina Garcia Saraiva de Sousa

Prevalência e etiologia da mastite bovina na bacia leiteira de Rondon do Pará, estado do Pará

The prevalence and the etiology of bovine mastitis in the dairy region of the county of Rondon of Para were investigated. The sensibility and the resistance of the isolated agents to the antimicrobiotics was evaluetad; 237 mixed-bred milk cows were used on nine properties, which were hand milked once a day and kept on Brachiaria brizantha pasture, with supply of mineral salt and water ad libitum. Clinical examination of the mammary gland, the test of the sieve and California Mastitis Test were performed. Of the 935 examined mammary quarters, 6.6% had subclinical mastitis, 1.3% clinical mastitis, and 92.1% were negative. The isolated bacteria in the clinical mastitis were coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. (25%), Staphylococcus aureus (16.7%), Streptococcus spp. (8,3%), and Corynebacterium spp. (8.3%). In the subclinical mastitis coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. (32.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (17.7%), Staphylococcus intermedius (1.6%), Streptococcus spp. (4.8%), Corynebacterium spp. (4.8%), and coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp./S.aureus (1.6%) were isolated. There was no microbial growth in 41.7% of the samples with clinical mastitis and in 37.1% with subclinical mastitis. In the antibiogram, 100% of the isolated negative coagulase Staphylococcus spp., S. aureus, S. intermedius, and Streptococcus spp. were sensitive to sulfazotrim. On the other hand, Corynebacterium spp. were 100% resistant to this same antimicrobiotic. Cefalotina, cefoxitina and gentamicina were efficient against the isolated Staphylococcus spp. which represent the greater part of the mastitis agents in this study. Mastitis was diagnosed in all flocks studied, however the number of affected animals was considered low; this probably is due to low milk production of the cows and to permanence of the calf with the mother after milking, what favors emptying the mammary gland. But hygienic sanitary measures and management practices have to be improved.

Etiologia e perfil de sensibilidade de bactérias isoladas de ovelhas com mastite na região nordeste do estado do Pará

The objective of this paper was to study the etiology of mastitis in sheep at northeastern Para, and to establish the sensitivity of isolated bacteria to antibiotics. A total of 176 Santa Ines nursing sheep kept in semi-intensive system from seven properties were examined. The mammary gland was clinically examined and the milk was submitted to the Caneca Telada Test, the California Mastitis Test (CMT), bacteriological examinations and antibiograms. Out of the 352 mammary halves (176 sheep), 5.9% (21/352) had clinical mastitis and by the CMT test, 7.39% (26/352) had subclinical mastitis and 86.64% (305/352) mammary halves did not have mastitis. Most of the animals with mastitis were in the second third of the lactation period, had less kids and more lactation periods. The following bacteria were isolated from the clinical mastitis Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negative (42,9%); Staphylococcus aureus (9.52%); Streptococcus spp. (4.76%) and Escherichia coli (4.76%). Were observed associations of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. (4,76%); Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negative nonhemolytic, Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negative hemolytic and Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negative non hemolytic pigment (4.76%). Already in subclinical mastitis the bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negative (26.9%); Staphylococcus aureus (15.,4%); Streptococcus spp. (7.69%); Escherichia coli (7.69%) and Citrobacter freundii (11.5%). Were observed associations of Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negative nonhemolytic and Staphylococcus spp. coagulase negative hemolytic (3.85%). The most efficient antibiotics for the Gram positive agents were penicile/novobiocine (100%), cefalotine (100%) and florfenicol (100%) and for the Citrobacter freundii were ampicilina (100%) and florfenicol (100%). In relation to Escherichia coli, 66.7% of isolates to ampicillin, cephalothin, florfenicol and tetracycline were resistant. Mastitis is present in sheep in the State of Para, and its necessary to estimate, in future studies, the economic losses caused by this disease. The CMT show satisfactory results and can be recommended as a screening test for diagnosing individual cases of subclinical mastitis in sheep, once had a good relationship with the microbiological examination. In the antibiogram where most of the isolated agents appear sensitive to different antibiotics tested, the antibiotics with the best efficiency were florfenicol and cefoxitin.

Detecção de Brucella abortus em linfonodos de búfalas (Bubalus bubalis) em diferentes fases da gestação

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar a presenca do DNA de Brucella abortus e caracterizar as lesoes causadas por esse agente em linfonodos de bufalas. Foram utilizadas 19 bufalas em diversos estagios de gestacao, sorologicamente positivas para brucelose, submetidas ao abate sanitario, das quais se coletou fragmentos de diversos linfonodos. A idade fetal foi determinada atraves de exames ultrassonograficos associados a mensuracao dos fetos durante a necropsia. Amostras foram coletadas e submetidas a qPCR e histopatologia. A deteccao de DNA de B. abortus nos linfonodos das bufalas avaliadas foi verificada a partir do quarto mes de gestacao em sete bufalas e em uma bufala pos-paricao. Os achados histologicos foram linfadenite aguda a cronica. A presenca de DNA de B. abortus foi detectada em todos os grupos de linfonodos avaliados, sendo que os linfonodos mais acometidos foram os mamarios.

Degenerative joint disease in cattle and buffaloes in the Amazon region: a retrospective study

Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo sobre os aspectos epidemiologicos e clinico-patologicos em bovinos e bufalos com doenca articular degenerativa (DAD) no estado do Para, Brasil. Durante os anos de 1999 a 2014 foram avaliados 11 bovinos e 24 bubalinos. Todos os animais atendidos com suspeita clinica de DAD foram submetidos a exame clinico do sistema locomotor. Foram necropsiados sete bovinos e oito bubalinos com sinais clinicos da enfermidade. Os sinais clinicos comuns observados em ambas as especies foram claudicacao cronica, andar rigido, alteracoes posturais, crepitacoes audiveis no membro acometido, decubito prolongado, dificuldade para levantar, e emagrecimento progressivo. As lesoes articulares evidenciadas na necropsia consistiram em irregularidade da superficie articular, presenca de erosao na cartilagem articular e no tecido osseo subjacente, proliferacao de tecido osseo periarticular com formacao de osteofitos. Tanto nos bovinos como nos bubalinos as articulacoes mais acometidas foram as dos membros posteriores. Nos bubalinos, possivelmente o principal fator predisponente ao surgimento de DAD foi a deficiencia de fosforo, ao contrario dos bovinos, nos quais os defeitos de conformacao anatomica dos membros posteriores, traumas cronicos em virtude da atividade exercida, como a coleta de semen e a idade avancada, foram o que, possivelmente, contribuiram para surgimento da enfermidade.

Infecção transplacentária e intrauterina por Brucella abortus em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis)

The objective of this study was to detect Brucella abortus and injuries caused by the bacteria in fetal membranes and fetuses. Twenty buffaloes serologically positive for brucellosis were used and subjected to stamping for collection of material from the closed uterus of several months gestation. Fetal age was determined by ultrasound examination and the size of fetuses was measured at necropsy. The samples were subjected to histopathology and qPCR. From the second month of pregnancy on it was possible to detect the presence of B. abortus DNA in amniotic fluid, allantoic liquid and uterus, and from the fifth month on in placenta, heart, spleen, kidney, lung, intestine, liver and lymph nodes of the fetuses. The main pathological findings were fibrinous suppurative necrotic placentitis, and chronic endometritis.

Quadro clínico-patológico do envenenamento crotálico experimental em bubalinos comparado com o de bovinos

The objective of the study was to verify the sensibility of buffaloes to the poison of Crotalus durissus terriiicus and to study the clinical-pathological picture in buffaloes in comparison with the one in cattle. The subcutaneous inoculation of the liofilized poison of the snake, diluted in 1ml of physiologic solution, was done in the area of the humerus-radio-ulnar joint of three buffaloes at doses of 0.015, 0.03 and 0.066mg/kg, and of two cattle at doses of 0.03 and 0.066mg/kg. The buffalo that received the 0.03mg/kg dose presented severe clinical signs but recovered six days later. The bovine that received the same dose, died after a clinical course of 22h56min. The 0.066mg/kg dose caused death of the bovine as also the buffalo, with a clinical course of 4h23min and 8h12min, respectively. The buffalo that received the 0.015mg/kg dose recovered, after a course of 48 hours. The buffalo that died, showed clinical signs from 3h58min on, and the buffaloes that showed symptoms from 17h25min and 24h00min after inoculation of the venom, but recovered. In the two cattle that died (with doses of 0.03 and 0.066mg/kg), the first clinical signs occurred 6h10min and 6h31min after the inoculation of the venom. The inoculation produced in the buffaloes and cattle nervous symptoms of flaccid paralysis. The main signs observed in the buffaloes as well as the cattle, were slight volume increase at the site of inoculation, respiration difficulties characterized by predominantly abdominal breathing, apathy, sialorreia, difficulty to get up when stimulated, evolution to sternal decubitus followed by lateral decubitus with peddling movements of the legs, and decrease of the reflexes related to the cranial nerves. The buffaloes showed also augmentation of the sustentation base, dragging of the hooves of the hind legs, slow and staggering gait, difficulty in apprehension of the food, The cattle showed additionally paralysis of the eyeballs, revealed through non-exhibition of the sclera during head rotation in latero-caudal direction. Laboratory exams revealed in the cattle and the buffaloes leucocytosis by neutrofilia, and in the biochemistry series, increase in the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartato aminotransferase, creatinaquinase and lactic dehydrogenase. There was no alteration in the urinalysis nor in the activation time of protrombine and in the time of partially activated tromboplastin. Necropsy only evidenced slight edema corresponding to the inoculation site in one bovine. Histopathological examination revealed picnosis of the epitelial cell nuclei of some kidney tubules in the cortex (in the buffalo and in one bovine) and slight vacuolation of hepatocites (in one bovine).

Lesões traumáticas de pele causadas pelos espinhos de Mimosa pudica e Mimosa debilis em equídeos

Foram realizadas pesquisas sobre a natureza e causa de lesoes de pele em equideos em uma propriedade no municipio de Castanhal, regiao Nordeste do Estado do Para. Foram realizadas visitas tecnicas, estudos epidemiologicos, coletas de sangue, biopsias de pele afetada e a inspecao da pastagem. O estudo incluiu 25 equideos, dos quais 14 machos e 11 femeas, de seis meses e oito anos de idade. Os animais apresentaram lesoes ulcerativas, de bordos irregulares, na cabeca (narinas, focinho, labios superiores e inferiores e chanfro), na cavidade oral (vestibulo bucal e gengiva) e nos membros (boletos, metacarpos e metatarsos e articulacao escapulo-umeral). No exame histopatologico foram observados focos de erosoes cutâneas, caracterizados por perda e necrose da epiderme, com espongiose, degeneracao vesicular da epiderme remanescente e leve infiltrado inflamatorio na derme subjacente, constituido predominantemente por macrofagos e, em menor grau, eosinofilos. Na inspecao da pastagem, constituida de Brachiaria humidicola, foi constatada grande invasao de duas plantas providas de espinhos, Mimosa pudica e Mimosa debilis, ambas da familia Leg. Mimosoideae. Concluiu-se, que as lesoes de pele foram causadas pela acao traumatica dos espinhos de Mimosa pudica e Mimosa debilis.

Dermatite por lambedura em bovinos no estado do Pará

A condition of 13 cattle from 10 farms in six districts in the state of Para, Brazil, characterized by ulcerative skin wounds was studied. The lesions were observed in regions of the body to which the cattle had access with their own tongue; the animals licked the wounds frequently. Epidemiological studies, pathological findings and the differential diagnosis indicate that the dermatitis is caused by licking. The wounds healed after restraining the head of the animals that then were unable to lick themselves.