Clovis Arruda Souza

Diversidade genética em acessos de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

The correct characterization of genetic resources allows to identify sources of variability, a genetic profit during the plant breeding and use of these resources in the crop science. This research was aimed at evaluating genetic divergence in bean accessions of a germplasm of Santa Catarina, through interrelation among the agronomic character descriptor. Twenty bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) accessions were evaluated carried out in October 2005, using the randomized block design with three replications. The genotypes were studied using multivariable techniques to measure genetic divergence represented by the generalized distance of Mahalanobis. On the basis of the genetic similarity matrix, it was generated average distance grouping. Among 12 variable evaluated, the weight of 100 seeds had the higher contribution in the separation of the genotypes, followed for the pod width, pod length and yield of grains. The BAF 42, BAF 46, BAF 47 and BAF 57 accessions had the high productivity level and it must be better characterized to be incorporated in the programs of genetic breeding or use of these resources in the crop science.

Physiological potential of common landrace bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

The objective of this study was to characterize the physiologic potential of common landrace bean seeds. The seeds were produced in the 2007/2008 growing season with 26 genotypes from Lages-SC. The seed physiological potential was evaluated from the percentage germination, before and after accelerated ageing, the weight of 100 seeds, electrical conductivity, the length of the primary root and field emergence. The genotypes were grouped into classes using the Scott-Knott test and compared with a standard (commercial cultivars) using the Dunnett test, which indicated the BAFs 36, 55, 75, 102 genotypes as having a high physiological potential. Under field conditions, most landrace genotypes were adapted to environmental conditions, except for BAFs 4, 7, 23. The correlation analysis showed a positive association between the percentage initial germination and the length of the main root, and a negative correlation with the weight of 100 seeds. The genotypes with a lower seed mass showed more vigor.

Capacidade de cocção de grãos de feijão em função do genótipo e da temperatura da água de hidratação

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar o efeito da temperatura da agua de embebicao sobre a capacidade de hidratacao/coccao, e se a hidratacao pode ser um indicativo do menor tempo de coccao em graos de feijao. Foram utilizadas 5 cultivares de feijao: Rubi, Uirapuru, Perola, Valente e Campeiro, produzidas em lavouras comerciais em Lages SC, no ano agricola 2005/2006. Os graos recem-colhidos foram padronizados para 12% de umidade e analisados quanto ao tempo de hidratacao, capacidade de hidratacao e tempo de coccao. O aumento da temperatura da agua de embebicao proporcionou aumento na capacidade de hidratacao diferentemente para as cultivares com temperatura superior a 25oC, Perola demorou em torno de 8 horas para atingir a maxima hidratacao, enquanto que Rubi, nessa mesma condicao, nao atingiu a maxima hidratacao. A analise de correlacao mostrou que apenas para as cultivares Campeiro e Rubi a rapida absorcao de agua pelos graos e um indicativo de maior rapidez na coccao, mas uma correlacao negativa foi observada para Uirapuru. Com base nos genotipos avaliados, e improvavel fazer uma padronizacao unica das condicoes previas ao cozimento que valha para todas as cultivares, ou seja, ha a necessidade de uma caracterizacao mais detalhada e especifica para cada genotipo em estudo.

Perfilhamento, área foliar e produtividade do milho sob diferentes arranjos espaciais

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of plant spatial arrangement on maize tillering, leaf area, and grain productivity. The experiments were carried out in the spring/summer of the 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 growing seasons. Treatments consisted of four plant densities (three, five, seven, and nine plants per square meter) and three row spacings (0.4, 0.7, and 1.0 m). The leaf area index (LAI) and grain yield of hybrid P30F53 were assessed, as well as the tiller contribution to these characters. In 2007/2008, there was no water deficit, LAI values were higher than 7, and tillers contributed with 65% of total LAI at the lowest plant density. In this year, grain yield average (13.7 Mg ha-1) was not affected by treatments, and tillers contributed with 44% of total yield at the density of three plants per square meter. In 2008/2009, there was water deficit before flowering and during grain filling, which decreased tillering and tiller contribution to LAI. Grain yield in this year increased from 9.7 to 11.7 Mg ha-1 with increasing plant densities, but tiller contribution to grain yield was lower. Tillering increases phenotypic stability of grain productivity to variations in plant spatial arrangement.

Diversidade genética para a padronização do tempo e percentual de hidratação preliminar ao teste de cocção de grãos de feijão

before cooking, common beans require a soaking time varying from 2 to 18 hours depending on the genotype, which makes it difficult to standardize the soaking time in order to reach the shortest cooking time. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of bean hydration capacity to standardize the shortest cooking time. Eighteen bean landraces and four commercial lines from plants cultivated under the same conditions for two growing seasons (2006/2007 and 2007/2008) were used in this study. The beans were soaked completely or partially for 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 hours in pure water at 25 oC, followed by cooking time determination. The results showed that 22 genotypes evaluated presented high genetic diversity leading to great variability of cooking time, and they also indicated that seven hours of soaking was necessary to obtain a minimum of 82.5% hydration as an optimized condition to reach the fastest cooking time. Considering these findings, cooking tests for an early selection of bean lineages can be standardized and can be used to standardize Usage Value Analysis (UVA), which is usually required for official registration of common bean cultivar

Tempo de cocção de grãos de feijão em função do tipo d'água

O feijao constitui-se em uma importante fonte de proteina e minerais, mas apresenta atualmente baixo consumo devido ao longo tempo requerido para hidratacao e coccao, a qual aumenta a digestibilidade. Objetivou-se, na pesquisa, estudar o efeito do tipo de agua sobre o tempo de coccao em graos de feijao, em agua ultrapura, destilada, torneira e mineral durante o processo de coccao. Os graos da cultivar BRS-Valente foram hidratados por 21 horas em agua ultra pura, e em intervalos de uma hora procedeu-se a coccao em agua destilada e da torneira ate o ultimo tempo de hidratacao. Apenas no tempo de 6 horas de hidratacao procedeu-se a coccao nas aguas ultrapura, destilada, torneira e mineral. O aumento no tempo de hidratacao favoreceu o menor tempo de coccao, mas essa alta correlacao (-0,9), foi explicada principalmente pela queda acentuada no tempo de coccao, nas duas primeiras horas de hidratacao. Assim, a correlacao geral nao explicou o real comportamento dos resultados obtidos, mas sim a analise conjunta atraves da regressao linear segmentada. Conclui-se que o rapido tempo de hidratacao foi um indicativo do menor tempo de coccao para a cultivar BRS-Valente, desde que o grao apresentasse um porcentual de 69% de hidratacao, no tempo de 2 horas de hidratacao. O uso da agua ultrapura e destilada durante o processo de coccao proporcionou um nivel normal de resistencia a coccao (23 e 30 minutos), a agua da torneira diferiu das demais e causou um nivel resistente a coccao (±37 minutos), enquanto que na agua mineral o tempo de coccao foi muito elevado (>300 minutos).

Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de feijão crioulo produzidas no oeste e planalto catarinense

This work was carried out with the aim of characterising landrace genotypes of the common bean as to the physiological potential of seeds produced in two consecutive seasons in different regions of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The seeds of 26 genotypes were used, produced during 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 in the towns of Anchieta, Joacaba and Lages. After the procedure for obtaining both mean and work samples, the following tests were carried out: first and second germination count, electrical conductivity, accelerated ageing, field emergence, thousand-seed weight and productivity. Based on analysis of the results, the genotypes were classified using the Scott-Knott test. The physiological quality of the bean seeds was influenced by both genotype and environment, and the potential of each genotype was dependent on favourable conditions in the crop environment. The landrace genotypes BAF13 and BAF55 were superior to the others, and stood out for seed productivity and quality. The town of Lages had the greatest productivity and best seed quality for the 2009/ 2010 season.

Perfilhamento como característica mitigadora dos prejuízos ocasionados ao milho pela desfolha do colmo principal

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se os perfilhos podem mitigar os prejuizos ocasionados pela desfolha do colmo principal em milho. Os experimentos foram implantados em Lages, SC, em 20/10/2006 e 31/10/2008. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas. Na parcela principal, foram testados dois destinos dos perfilhos: manutencao ate a colheita e remocao quando o colmo principal apresentava nove folhas expandidas (V9). Nas subparcelas, avaliaram-se quatro epocas de desfolha do colmo principal: V9, V15 (quinze folhas expandidas), VT (pendoamento) e folhas preservadas ate a colheita. Avaliou-se o hibrido P30F53, a densidade de 55 mil plantas por hectare. Determinaram-se: a produtividade total, a do colmo principal e a dos perfilhos. As desfolhas realizadas em V15 e VT diminuiram a produtividade, em comparacao ao tratamento sem desfolha, independentemente do destino dos perfilhos. Quando o milho foi desfolhado em V15 e VT, a produtividade total das parcelas em que os perfilhos foram mantidos foi maior do que daquelas em que eles foram removidos. Isto indica que os perfilhos foram beneficos ao colmo principal do milho, quando houve restricoes a producao de carboidrato oriundas da perda de area foliar proximo do florescimento.

Phenological Sensitivity of Two Maize Cultivars to Trinexapac-Ethyl

In Brazilian agriculture there are few reports on trinexapac-ethyl (TE) effects on maize plant lodging management. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sequential application of TE sprayed on different plant growth stages of maize using the simple hybrid P30F53HR and the variety SCS 154 Fortuna. Experiments were carried out in a greenhouse in the 2013 and 2014 harvests. Plants were grown singly in 5L pots filled with 75% soil and 25% substrate. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. The following treatments were performed: (T1) control (no application of growth retardant); (T2) application at V2 (100 g a.i. ha-1); (T3) sequential application of 100 g a.i. ha-1 at V2 plus V3; (T4) sequential application of 100 g a.i. ha-1 at V2+V3+V4; (T5) single application of 300 g a.i. ha-1 at V4; (T6) sequential application of 100 g a.i. ha-1 at V2+V3+V4+V5; (T7) sequential application of 100 g a.i. ha-1 at V2+V3+V4+V5+V6 and (T8) sequential application of 100 g a.i. ha-1 at V2+V3+V4+V5+V6+V7. The some morphological characteristics of the two maize genotypes changed in response to TE treatment. From stage V4 onwards, maize plant height showed signs of sensitivity to the growth retardant. Plants in T8 (TE applied over V2 to V7) were more sensitive to TE with over 45% reduction in plant height compared with application T7 (applied from V2 to V6). This response was similar in both maize genotypes, thus indicating that plants are highly sensitive to TE after the V6 stage.

Discriminating Important Agronomic and Industrial Parameters of White Oat Cultivars Treated with Fungicide Based on SIMCA Algorithm

Selection of effective agronomic and industrial parameters of oat cultivars is a decisive step in oat breeding programs for development of new oat and elite cultivars. In this study, a new approach was utilized to distinguish the most informative agronomic and industrial parameters that are most affected with fungicide application in oat cultivars. Four subsequent field experiments from 2007 to 2010 were conducted in completely randomized block design (CRBD) with split plots. Total nine oat cultivars with or without fungicide application were evaluated for plant height, sieve yield, grain yield, lodging index, weight of hectoliter and de-hulling index. Soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) was conducted as one-class and multi-classes models to identify important variables that can be used to discriminate samples. Results showed that SIMCA was effective, and lodging index, de-hulling index, sieve yield, plant height and grain yield were most affected oat parameters. Therefore, SIMCA algorithm can be used to easily discriminate some agronomic and quality parameters of oats.