Concepción San Luis

Risk factors and prevalence of burnout syndrome in the nursing profession

BACKGROUND The burnout syndrome is beginning to be regarded as an occupational illness of high prevalence among nursing in Spain. Individuals suffering from the syndrome manifest important health problems. More information about prevalence and risk factors for burnout is needed to prevent the syndrome and to determine the most appropriate clinical interventions when the disorder appears. OBJECTIVES Burnout levels were evaluated in a group of nurses. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of burnout, to identify the variables related to burnout and to propose a risk profile for this syndrome among the nursing personnel. SETTING The study was carried out in public health centers in Andalusia (Spain). METHODS The sample consisted of 676 nursing professionals from public health centers. Dependent variables were the three Burnout dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment. Independent variables were socio-demographic, organizational, personality-related variables. RESULTS The nurses manifested average to high burnout levels. There were statistically significant differences in burnout levels associated with the following variables: age, gender, marital status, having children, level of healthcare, type of work shift, healthcare service areas and conducting administrative tasks. Burnout was also associated with personality-related variables. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of burnout among nursing professionals is high. Gender, age, marital status, level of healthcare, work shift and healthcare service areas predicted at least one of the dimensions of the syndrome. Neuroticism, agreeability, extraversion and conscientiousness are personality traits that predict at least two of the dimensions of burnout syndrome in nurses. Therefore, personality factors should be considered in any theory of risk profiles for developing burnout syndrome in the nursing profession.

Development and validation of the Granada Burnout Questionnaire in Spanish police

The goal of the present study is to develop a questionnaire, with proper psychometric properties and current norms, to evaluate the burnout syndrome in Spain. The operative definition of burnout proposed by Maslach and Jackson is used to define three dimensions (Emotional exhaustion, Depersonalization and Personal accomplishment). A total of 2,403 national Spanish police participated. Evidence of construct validity was checked through cross validation (showing a good fit of the three factors model to the data). Using the MBI, NEO-FII and CECAD evidence of convergent validity and criteria validity were developed (showing that the relations are similar to the ones that appear in other research). The discrimination, mean, standard deviation, and typical error of the average of the items composing the various dimensions were analyzed. Both the Cronbach´s alpha coefficient and the conditional standard error of measurement (CSEM) were calculated for each of the dimensions. The results showed good internal consistency (all ? values > .85). Finally, the questionnaire was scaled using T scores. The psychometrical properties reported here support the use of this new questionnaire for the burnout evaluation in Spanish police.

Evidencia de validez factorial del Maslach Burnout Inventory y estudio de los niveles de burnout en profesionales sanitarios

En el presente trabajo se quieren conocer los niveles de burnout y variables relacionadas con el sindrome en un grupo de profesionales sanitarios. Los objetivos de la investigacion fueron la obtencion de evidencias de validez factorial del Maslach Burnout Inventory, la estimacion de la prevalencia y la identificacion de factores de riesgo de burnout en un grupo de profesionales sanitarios. Se realizo un estudio transversal, cuantitativo y exploratorio. Los datos corresponden a una muestra de 435 profesionales que incluye auxiliares, enfermeros y medicos. Los resultados obtenidos indican un adecuado ajuste en la estructura trifactorial del Maslach Burnout Inventory; asimismo, se ha obtenido que la categoria profesional, edad y tipo de dedicacion son factores de riesgo de padecimiento de burnout. Por otra parte, se obtiene que los enfermeros presentaban niveles de burnout mas altos que el resto de grupos profesionales considerados. Lo anterior sugiere que los factores indicados deben ser tenidos en cuenta en la implantacion de programas encaminados a la prevencion del desarrollo del sindrome

Psychometric properties and scales of the Granada Burnout Questionnaire applied to nurses

Nurses are an occupational group with extremely high levels of burnout. The most accepted definition of the burnout syndrome was proposed by Maslach and Jackson, who characterized it in terms of three dimensions: (i) Emotional Exhaustion; (ii) Depersonalization; (iii) Personal Accomplishment. This definition was the basis for the Granada Burnout Questionnaire (GBQ). The objective of this research was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the GBQ and to elaborate an evaluation scale to measure burnout in nursing professionals in Spain. A total of 1,177 nurses participated in this study and successfully completed the GBQ. Evidence of construct validity was verified by cross-validation and convergent validity, and evidence of criteria validity was checked by concurrent validity. Cronbachs alpha was used to measure internal consistency. The results obtained in our study show satisfactory fit values in the confirmatory factor analysis and in the evidence of convergent and concurrent validity. All of the Cronbach alpha values were greater than .83. This signifies that the GBQ has good psychometric properties that are applicable to nurses. For this purpose a scale of T-scores and centiles was created that permitted the evaluation of burnout in Spanish nursing professionals.

The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale: A systematic review and reliability generalization meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression are among the most common mental disorders during childhood and adolescence. Among the instruments for the brief screening assessment of symptoms of anxiety and depression, the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) is one of the more widely used. Previous studies have demonstrated the reliability of the RCADS for different assessment settings and different versions. The aims of this study were to examine the mean reliability of the RCADS and the influence of the moderators on the RCADS reliability. METHODS We searched in EBSCO, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and NCBI databases and other articles manually from lists of references of extracted articles. RESULTS A total of 146 studies were included in our meta-analysis. The RCADS showed robust internal consistency reliability in different assessment settings, countries, and languages. We only found that reliability of the RCADS was significantly moderated by the version of RCADS. However, these differences in reliability between different versions of the RCADS were slight and can be due to the number of items. LIMITATIONS We did not examine factor structure, factorial invariance across gender, age, or country, and test-retest reliability of the RCADS. CONCLUSIONS The RCADS is a reliable instrument for cross-cultural use, with the advantage of providing more information with a low number of items in the assessment of both anxiety and depression symptoms in children and adolescents.

Training to improve selective attention in children using neurofeedback through play [Entrenamiento mediante neurofeedback a través del juego para la mejora de la atención selectiva en niños]

This paper has two objectives: a) to identify if selective attention and concentration in school children without learning problems can be improved through training with neurofeedback; and b) to assess the generalizability of such training as a useful, easy, fun and economical procedure that may be used to improve school performance. For training we used Mind-Flex, a toy first marketed in 2009. To measure a possible boost in attention we applied the d2 test of attention developed by Brickenkamp (1962), adapted in Spain by Seisdedos and published by TEA (2002). The results obtained from a sample of 65 children (aged 8 and 9) show a significant improvement in selective and sustained attention, cognitive-processing accuracy, attention control and balance between speed and accuracy.

TRAINING TO IMPROVE SELECTIVE ATTENTION IN CHILDREN USING NEUROFEEDBACK THROUGH PLAY

This paper has two objectives: a) to identify if selective attention and concentration in school children without learning problems can be improved through training with neurofeedback; and b) to assess the generalizability of such training as a useful, easy, fun and economical procedure that may be used to improve school performance. For training we used Mind-Flex, a toy first marketed in 2009. To measure a possible boost in attention we applied the d2 test of attention developed by Brickenkamp (1962), adapted in Spain by Seisdedos and published by TEA (2002). The results obtained from a sample of 65 children (aged 8 and 9) show a significant improvement in selective and sustained attention, cognitive-processing accuracy, attention control and balance between speed and accuracy.

Entrenamiento mediante neurofeedback a través del juego para la mejora de la atención selectiva en niños

This paper has two objectives: a) to identify if selective attention and concentration in school children without learning problems can be improved through training with neurofeedback; and b) to assess the generalizability of such training as a useful, easy, fun and economical procedure that may be used to improve school performance. For training we used Mind-Flex, a toy first marketed in 2009. To measure a possible boost in attention we applied the d2 test of attention developed by Brickenkamp (1962), adapted in Spain by Seisdedos and published by TEA (2002). The results obtained from a sample of 65 children (aged 8 and 9) show a significant improvement in selective and sustained attention, cognitive-processing accuracy, attention control and balance between speed and accuracy.