Cristina Vargas

Risk factors and prevalence of burnout syndrome in the nursing profession

BACKGROUND The burnout syndrome is beginning to be regarded as an occupational illness of high prevalence among nursing in Spain. Individuals suffering from the syndrome manifest important health problems. More information about prevalence and risk factors for burnout is needed to prevent the syndrome and to determine the most appropriate clinical interventions when the disorder appears. OBJECTIVES Burnout levels were evaluated in a group of nurses. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of burnout, to identify the variables related to burnout and to propose a risk profile for this syndrome among the nursing personnel. SETTING The study was carried out in public health centers in Andalusia (Spain). METHODS The sample consisted of 676 nursing professionals from public health centers. Dependent variables were the three Burnout dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment. Independent variables were socio-demographic, organizational, personality-related variables. RESULTS The nurses manifested average to high burnout levels. There were statistically significant differences in burnout levels associated with the following variables: age, gender, marital status, having children, level of healthcare, type of work shift, healthcare service areas and conducting administrative tasks. Burnout was also associated with personality-related variables. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of burnout among nursing professionals is high. Gender, age, marital status, level of healthcare, work shift and healthcare service areas predicted at least one of the dimensions of the syndrome. Neuroticism, agreeability, extraversion and conscientiousness are personality traits that predict at least two of the dimensions of burnout syndrome in nurses. Therefore, personality factors should be considered in any theory of risk profiles for developing burnout syndrome in the nursing profession.

Which occupational risk factors are associated with burnout in nursing? A meta-analytic study

Numerous empirical studies have suggested a link between occupational factors and the burnout syndrome. The effect sizes of the association reported vary widely in nursing professionals. The objective of this research was to assess the influence of five occupational factors (job seniority, professional experience, job satisfaction, specialization and work shift) on the three burnout dimensions (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment) in nursing. We conducted a meta-analysis with a total of 81 studies met to our inclusion criteria: 31 on job seniority; 29 on professional experience; 37 on job satisfaction; 4 on specialization; and 6 on work shift. The mean effect sizes found suggest that job satisfaction and, to a lesser extent, specialization were important factors influencing the burnout syndrome. The heterogeneity analysis showed that there was a great variability in all the estimates of the mean effect size. Various moderators were found to be significant in explaining the association between occupational factors and burnout. In conclusion, it is important to prevent the substantive moderators that are influencing these associations. The improved methodological variables explain most of the contradictory results found in previous research on this field.

Development and validation of the Granada Burnout Questionnaire in Spanish police

The goal of the present study is to develop a questionnaire, with proper psychometric properties and current norms, to evaluate the burnout syndrome in Spain. The operative definition of burnout proposed by Maslach and Jackson is used to define three dimensions (Emotional exhaustion, Depersonalization and Personal accomplishment). A total of 2,403 national Spanish police participated. Evidence of construct validity was checked through cross validation (showing a good fit of the three factors model to the data). Using the MBI, NEO-FII and CECAD evidence of convergent validity and criteria validity were developed (showing that the relations are similar to the ones that appear in other research). The discrimination, mean, standard deviation, and typical error of the average of the items composing the various dimensions were analyzed. Both the Cronbach´s alpha coefficient and the conditional standard error of measurement (CSEM) were calculated for each of the dimensions. The results showed good internal consistency (all ? values > .85). Finally, the questionnaire was scaled using T scores. The psychometrical properties reported here support the use of this new questionnaire for the burnout evaluation in Spanish police.

Evidencia de validez factorial del Maslach Burnout Inventory y estudio de los niveles de burnout en profesionales sanitarios

En el presente trabajo se quieren conocer los niveles de burnout y variables relacionadas con el sindrome en un grupo de profesionales sanitarios. Los objetivos de la investigacion fueron la obtencion de evidencias de validez factorial del Maslach Burnout Inventory, la estimacion de la prevalencia y la identificacion de factores de riesgo de burnout en un grupo de profesionales sanitarios. Se realizo un estudio transversal, cuantitativo y exploratorio. Los datos corresponden a una muestra de 435 profesionales que incluye auxiliares, enfermeros y medicos. Los resultados obtenidos indican un adecuado ajuste en la estructura trifactorial del Maslach Burnout Inventory; asimismo, se ha obtenido que la categoria profesional, edad y tipo de dedicacion son factores de riesgo de padecimiento de burnout. Por otra parte, se obtiene que los enfermeros presentaban niveles de burnout mas altos que el resto de grupos profesionales considerados. Lo anterior sugiere que los factores indicados deben ser tenidos en cuenta en la implantacion de programas encaminados a la prevencion del desarrollo del sindrome

Psychometric properties and scales of the Granada Burnout Questionnaire applied to nurses

Nurses are an occupational group with extremely high levels of burnout. The most accepted definition of the burnout syndrome was proposed by Maslach and Jackson, who characterized it in terms of three dimensions: (i) Emotional Exhaustion; (ii) Depersonalization; (iii) Personal Accomplishment. This definition was the basis for the Granada Burnout Questionnaire (GBQ). The objective of this research was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the GBQ and to elaborate an evaluation scale to measure burnout in nursing professionals in Spain. A total of 1,177 nurses participated in this study and successfully completed the GBQ. Evidence of construct validity was verified by cross-validation and convergent validity, and evidence of criteria validity was checked by concurrent validity. Cronbachs alpha was used to measure internal consistency. The results obtained in our study show satisfactory fit values in the confirmatory factor analysis and in the evidence of convergent and concurrent validity. All of the Cronbach alpha values were greater than .83. This signifies that the GBQ has good psychometric properties that are applicable to nurses. For this purpose a scale of T-scores and centiles was created that permitted the evaluation of burnout in Spanish nursing professionals.

Bayesian estimation of the prevalence of suicide risk in institutionalized older people.

The assessment of suicide risk in institutionalized older people has received less attention in comparison with those not institutionalized. The studies carried out show contradictory data on the prevalence of risk in this population group. The current work estimates the prevalence of suicide risk through a Bayesian analysis and studies the risk factors of this behavior in a group of 110 institutionalized older people. A prevalence of 38.4% is obtained, and an association between suicide risk and the factors depression and perception of health. The results indicate to us the necessity for actions directed at decreasing the suicide rate in geriatric homes.

Gender, Marital Status, and Children as Risk Factors for Burnout in Nurses: A Meta-Analytic Study

The correlation between the burnout syndrome and sociodemographic variables in nursing professionals has been widely studied though research results are contradictory. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of gender, marital status, and children on the dimensions of the burnout syndrome (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment) in nursing professionals, as measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The search was performed in May 2018 in the next databases: CINAHL, CUIDEN, Dialnet, Psicodoc, ProQuest Platform, OVID Platform, and Scopus with the search equation (“Maslach Burnout Inventory” OR “MBI”) AND “nurs*”, without using any search restriction. The sample was n = 78 studies: 57 studies for gender; 32 for marital status; 13 for having children. A statistically significant relation between depersonalization and gender (r = 0.078), marital status (r = 0.047), and children (r = 0.053) was found. A significant relation was also found between emotional exhaustion and children (r = 0.048). The results showed that being male, being single or divorced, and not having children were related to the highest levels of burnout in nurses. Moreover, these relations could be accentuated by the influence of moderator variables (age, seniority, job satisfaction, etc.), which, in combination with the previously mentioned significant relations, should be evaluated in the design burnout risk profiles for nursing professionals.

How to evaluate the accident data for older drivers? Age, gender and gravity of accidents: a new estimation of driving frequency based on litres of fuel consumed

Published online: 2 May 2012 # Etrasa 2012 Abstract In order to assess the accident rate of older drivers and judge the severity of the figures in this and other age and gender groups, the analysis of a new estimation rate has been developed. The current re- search proposes a new pro rata estimation rate relating the raw data on number of accidents to driving fre- quency, taking into account the number of litres of fuel put in the tank. That is, the raw accident rates of older drivers are low, but the estimation shows a dangerous increase when their low driving frequency is taken into account. This new index shows that it is not only the pro rata accident rates of young drivers that are worrying. The strategies of older drivers (cautious driving) are unable to compensate satisfactorily for the deterioration in their psychomotor driving skills in order to guarantee safe driving. Previous studies have calculated the accident rate using subjective

¿Cómo valorar los datos de accidentalidad de los conductores mayores? Edad, género y gravedad de los accidentes: Una nueva estimación de la frecuencia de conducción basada en los litros de combustible consumido

Published online: 2 May 2012 # Etrasa 2012 Abstract In order to assess the accident rate of older drivers and judge the severity of the figures in this and other age and gender groups, the analysis of a new estimation rate has been developed. The current re- search proposes a new pro rata estimation rate relating the raw data on number of accidents to driving fre- quency, taking into account the number of litres of fuel put in the tank. That is, the raw accident rates of older drivers are low, but the estimation shows a dangerous increase when their low driving frequency is taken into account. This new index shows that it is not only the pro rata accident rates of young drivers that are worrying. The strategies of older drivers (cautious driving) are unable to compensate satisfactorily for the deterioration in their psychomotor driving skills in order to guarantee safe driving. Previous studies have calculated the accident rate using subjective