Cr Harisha

PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF CHITRAKA HARITAKI AVALEHA: A COMPOUND AYURVEDIC FORMULATION

Chitraka Haritaki Avaleha is a Leha Kalpana (semisolid preparation of drugs, prepared with addition of jaggery and boiled with prescribed decoction) specifically indicated for oral use in treatment of nasal disorders in Ayurveda. It is also indicated in various disorders like Kshaya (Pthisis), Kasa (Cough), Peenasa (Chronic rhinitis/sinusitis), Krimi (Helminthiasis / Worm infestation), Arsha (Haemorrhoids), Swasa (Asthma/dyspnoea) and Agnimandhya (Digestive impairment). In this study, effort has been made to overcome from the controversy regarding ingredients in the finished product of Chitraka Haritaki Avaleha and attempted to standardize the final product as per guidelines of API. In present study it has been used in Nasa Arsha (Nasal Polyposis). The presence of tannins, parenchyma cells, fibers, starch grains, pollen grains, acicular and prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate, rosette crystals, stone cells etc. were the characteristic features observed in the microscopy of prepared formulation. Physicochemical analysis showed that Ash value was 2.5 % w/w, pH was 5.80, Loss on drying was 23.5 % w/w, Alcohol soluble extractive value was 69 %, Water soluble extractive value was 61 % and 97.49 % level of Total sugar in Chitraka Haritaki Avaleha.

Pharmacognostical and preliminary physico-chemical profiles of Blepharispermum subsessile DC. root

Introduction: Blepharispermum subsessile DC. is a folklore medicinal herb, found in Odisha, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra. It is locally known as Rasnajhadi in Odisha and its roots are being used as Rasna in treating rheumatic, gynecological, nervous disorders. In spite of its high medicinal as well as market values, the pharmacognostical characters of its root is not reported till date. Aim: To evaluate pharmacognostical and preliminary physico-chemical profiles of B. subsessile root. Materials and Methods: Roots of B. subsessile were collected from Odisha; its macroscopic, microscopic, powder characters and preliminary physico-chemical characters were studied following standard procedures. Results: Microscopically, outer multilayered lignified cork cells, cortex, border pitted xylem vessels, tracheids, isolated or groups of thick-walled xylem fibees were seen. Physico-chemical parameters showed that water soluble extractive value (31.3%) is more than alcohol soluble extractive value (23.2%) and 5.5 pH value, etc. Conclusion: The findings of the study will be useful in the identification and standardization of the B. subsessile root.

Pharmacognostical and Preliminary physicochemical evaluation of Triphaladi granules - A polyherbal Ayurvedic formulation

Triphaladi Kwatha , a polyherbal Ayurvedic formulation, is recommended by Chakradatta and Yogaratnakara in the management of Prameha which has resemblance with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present study deals with development of pharmacognostical and preliminary pharmaceutical profile of Triphaladi granules. The pH (5% aqueous extract) was 6.0, water-soluble extract 48.66% w/w, alcohol-soluble extract 33.91% w/w, ash value 5.97% w/w, and loss on drying at 105°C was 6.53% w/w. High performance thin layer chromatography were carried out after organizing appropriate solvent system in which maximum nine spots were distinguished and few of the R f values were identical in the alcoholic extract.

Pharmacognostical evaluation of Launaea sarmentosa (Willd.) schultz-bip.ex Kuntze root

Launaea sarmentosa (Willd) Schultz-Bip.ex Kuntze (Asteraceae), locally known as Kulhafila in the Maldives, is a creeping herb, native to tropical Indian coastlines. According to anecdotal evidence from locals in the Maldives, the roots of this plant are used as an ingredient of a popular medicinal preparation (Hilibeys) taken by mothers after childbirth. It is also used in various other ailments in different parts of the Maldives, as well as in India. So far, there has been no scientific documentation of this plant. The only source of information available is held by natives and traditional medical practitioners. The present study was conducted on the root of L. sarmentosa for its pharmacognostical and phytochemical characteristics as per Ayurvedic Pharmacopoea of India (API) parameters. The microscopic characteristics of the root show prismatic crystals, multiseriate medullary rays, laticiferous cells, and pitted parenchyma. Qualitative analyses, such as loss on drying, ash value, pH, etc., were conducted. Preliminary phytochemical screening shows the presence of alkaloids, tannin, steroids, etc.

Pharmacognostical evaluation on roots of Cissus repanda vahl. a folk medicine

Abstract Cissus repanda Vahl. (Syn. C.rosea, Vitis repanda and V. rosea). Family Vitaceae, commonly known as ‘Panivel’ in Hindi, is a folklore medicinal herb, reputed for the healing properties of its roots and stem. The trible people and Traditional practitioners of Orissa, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and some parts of Karnataka Dist. are found to be prescribing the root powder of this plant in case of bone fractures, cuts, boils and wounds. As yet the roots of plant has not found to be reported and hence the Roots of this plant was investigated thoroughly as per the pharmacopoeial parameters. Physicochemical parameters shows high value of acid insoluble ash indicating high polarity, preliminary phytochemical investigations shows the presence of alkaloid, tannin, mucilage and calcium salts. The microscopic characters of root shows Mucilage, rosette and acicular crystals of calcium oxalate, starch grains, tannin Stealar region shows fibres, scalariform vessels and pitted parenchyma and multiseriate medullary rays.

Micrometric Study and Random Amplified Polymorphic Deoxyribonucleic Acid Analysis of Wattakaka volubilis (Linn. f.) Stapf. Leaves

The leaves of Jīvantī are considered to be the best among the vegetables in the classical texts of Ayurveda. In some parts of India, Wattakaka volubilis (Linn. f.) Stapf. is used in the name of Jīvantī for treatment of pyoderma, fever, cough, cold, rheumatic pain, diabetes, eye diseases, snake bite etc. The present study deals with the micrometric evaluation and molecular characterization of Wattakaka volubilis (Linn. f.) Stapf. leaves by random amplified polymorphic deoxyribonucleic acid (RAPD) markers by following standard parameters. Morphological study showed that leaves are 6.5–14 × 4.5–11 cm, in size, broadly ovate or suborbicular with reticulate venation. Transverse section of petiole measures about 2.7 μm, showing single-layered epidermis with multicellular, warty trichomes. Cortex contains chloroplast and several prismatic and rosette crystals. Section through midrib measures about 3.4 × 3.2 μm, having centrally located bicollateral vascular bundle supported by ground tissue. Powder microscopy showed the presence of multicellular and glandular trichomes, paracytic stomata, rosette crystals of calcium oxalate, oil globules and chlorophyll pigments. In RAPD analysis, all the 10 primers showed good amplification. The unique bright and light bands obtained in polymerase chain reaction amplification along with quantitative pharmacognostical characters can be considered as a measure for authentication and standardization of the plant.

PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL EVALUATION OF VIDANGA VATI

Today sedentary life style has given birth to number of diseases. Abnormal food habits, style of living, greed, anger have become a part of life. Changing of life style of modern human being has created several disharmonies in his biological system. Therapeutic benefits are not available to millions suffering from endocrine diseases in India. Hypothyroidism is a hypo metabolic clinical state resulting from inadequate production of thyroid hormones for prolonged periods or rarely, from resistance of the peripheral tissues to the effects of thyroid hormones. Its incidence is increasing day by day and its name became common on the tongue of society. It occurs about five times more often in females than in males. Embelia ribes promoted as a weight loss agent that supposedly enhances thyroid function. The anti-obesity effect of aqueous extract of Embelia ribes in rat fed a high fat died may be through down regulation of leptin, TNF-α, SRFBP1, PPArY2 gene expression. Till date no clinical trial and pharmaceutical analysis of Vidanga Vati has been carried out, hence in the present study Vidanga Vati was subjected to pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical analysis. Pharmacognostical evaluation showed presence of sclereids, stone cells, oil globules, peri sperm cells, tannin contain, prismatic crystal, starch grain aleurone grain, simple fibre and spoon shaped epidermal cells. Pharmaceutical evaluation showed loss on drying 7.93 % w/w, pH 4.5. HPTLC results showed 10 spots at 254nm and 4 spots at 366 nm.

PHA R MACOGNOSTICAL AND PH AR MAC EU TICAL EVALUATION OF SHVETA PALANDU SWARASA BHAVITA YAVANI VATI

Infertility is defined as the failure to achieve a pregnancy within one year of regular (at least three times per month) unpr otected intercourse. Oligozoospermia i.e. sperm count less than 15 million /ml is one of the causes for infertility. According to various research conducted by Carlsan et al , between 1938 to 1988; it is relevant that sperm count, has come down from 130 million/ml of semen to 66 million/ml of semen . Now a day’s o ligozoospermia and infertility are common problems due to disturb daily routine, disturb food habits and mental stress on account of fast life. Shveta Palandu is Vrishya and has been reported to have Aphrodisiac, anti - bac terial, tonic, carminative , propertie s. Tilld ate no clinical trial and pharmaceutical analysis of Shveta Palandu Swarasa Bhavita Yavani Vati has been carried out , hence in the present study Shveta Palandu Swarasa Bhavita Yavani Vati was subject ed to pharma cognostical and p harmaceutical analysis. Phar macognostical evaluation showed presence of e pidermal cells and fibers of Palandu and Stone cells of Yavani . Pharmaceuti cal evaluation showed loss on drying 13 % w/w, p H 5.5 . HPTLC results showed 6 spots at 254 nm and 8 spots at 366 nm.

Microbial evaluation of Limnophila rugosa Roth. (Merr) leaf.

Background: Limphonia rugosa Roth. (Merr.), family-Scrophulariaceae is considered as a botanical source of classical Ayurvedic drug Bhringaraja by the traditional practitioners of Odisha and is being used for the management of various disorders. Aim: To study the antimicrobial activity of leaf of L. rugosa. Materials and Methods: Methanol extract of L. rugosa leaf (LRLM) has been studied, at various (5, 25, 50, 100, 250 μg/ml) dilutions, against medically important human pathogenic bacteria (two Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and two Gram-negative-Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two fungal strains (Aspergillus niger, A. clavatus, Candida albicans) by using the agar disc diffusion method. A zone of inhibition of extract was compared with that of different standards such as ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and chloramphenicol for antibacterial activity and nystatin and griseofulvin for antifungal activity. Results: The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the LRLM increased linear with the increase in concentration of extracts. When compared with standard drugs, the results revealed that, for bacterial activity S. pyogenes and S. aureus were more sensitive and in fungal activity C. albicans was more inhibited. The range of growth inhibition zone for all the sensitive bacteria was 11-20 mm and 13-19 mm for fungal strains. Conclusion: Methanolic extract of L. rugosa leaf is having antibacterial and antifungal activities.

A preliminary physicochemical evaluation of Darvyadi Yoni Varti: A compound Ayurvedic formulation

Background: Darvyadi Yoni Varti is an Ayurvedic formulation indicated for the management of Garbhasaya Grivamukhagata Vrana (cervical erosion). Though a number of drugs are available in modern medicine, interest towards Ayurveda is gaining. Drugs with Vranasodhana, Ropana and Prasadana properties like Sphatika, Darvi, Haridra, and Lodhra are useful in this situation and are selected to prepare Yoni Varti. Aim: To standardize and evaluate preliminary pharmacognostical as well as physicochemical profiles of Darvyadi Yoni Varti. Materials and Methods: Raw material was analyzed in the Pharmacognostical Laboratory for genuinity before converting into Varti. Finished product was analyzed by following pharmacopoeial standards. Results: The pH value of Darvyadi Yoni Varti was 5.0, water soluble extract was 23.3%w/w, alcohol soluble extract was 8.7%w/w, ash value was 5.16%w/w, loss on drying was 71.73%w/w. High performance thin layer chromatography was carried out; in which maximum 10 spots at 254 nm and 3 spots at 366 nm were distinguished. Conclusion: Pharmacognostical study of raw drug revealed the quality and genuineness of all the constituents of Darvyadi Yoni Varti.