Cristiane Bueno

Avaliação de Impacto do Ciclo de Vida: revisão dos principais métodos

Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) is the third phase of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). It involves assessing the environmental significance of inventory results by using characterization models and factors contained in LCIA methods. This paper identifies the main LCIA methods and describes their characteristics. Through a literature review, 13 LCIA methods were identified. Most of them were developed in Europe and have been used throughout the world, including Brazil. Among these methods have been identified those with a global scope of application, being recommended for the use in Brazil. Each LCIA method evaluates different impact categories by means of a number of different characterization models, so it was concluded that there is a need to analyze the calculation procedures used by each model to provide support for the application of these methods and models in different regions of the world.

METHODOLOGICAL DISCUSSION OF INSERTION AND EXPORTATION OF LCA DATA EMBEDDED IN BIM ELEMENTS

The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology can be used to quantify, in the design phase, the impacts of a product throughout its life cycle and to determine which building components have the highest potential impacts. However, such a method has often been avoided due to the need for detailed input data and the complexity of the available tools. For that reason, although LCA is increasingly present in the construction sector demands, professionals continuously pursue new ways to incorporate such methodology to the building design and construction processes, as simple and uncomplicated as possible. A promising possibility is the incorporation of building systems LCA data in the BIM software tools. Numerous limitations of BIM-based LCA have been identified over the years. For instance, the complexity of LCA software tools, particularly as regards the data input and interpretation of results, and the interoperability issues, all need to be overcome. Once BIM models are composed of smart objects, which represent construction elements with encapsulated intelligence, they are expected to be where LCA data could be applied. In this paper a conceptual and methodological discussion will be developed on the practical possibilities of inclusion and export of LCA data embedded in BIM elements, focusing on Autodesk Revit software and its features. Such a discussion will take place by exploiting technological possibilities of such software and evaluating the possibilities of development and modification of parametric elements and families, as well as the further export potential of such embedded LCA information. The main goal is the construction of a robust theoretical framework that will precede the future development of a methodological BIM-LCA integration tool by the exploitation of the features available in the existing software.

Cast-in-place concrete walls: thermal comfort evaluation of one-storey housing in São Paulo State

This paper presents a proposal of thermal performance evaluation of a one-storey housing typology (TI24A) executed by CDHU - Companhia de Desenvolvimento Habitacional e Urbano do Estado de Sao Paulo, considering the use of cast-in-place monolithic panels of concrete, with different thicknesses panels (8, 10 and 12 cm) and density between 1600 and 2400 kg/m³. In this study, the specific purpose was discussing the influ ence of the characteristic of concrete walls on the housing thermal performance without slab. Was defined of first parameters of study (definition of the one-storey housing typology, survey about housing users behavior and cities choose) and executed computational simulation (winter and summer), for four Sao Paulo State cities (Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos, Santos e Presidente Prudente), with the software Arquitrop 3.0 in a one-storey housing. Was observed that in winter and summer the typologies analyzed, the panels thickness variation had more influence about results than different concrete densities. The minimum level of thermal performance (M) in winter has been granted for some cities, with exception of Santos. In summer one of Sao Paulo city’s typology was attended the minimum level of thermal performance in agreement with standard “NBR 15575 Residential buildings up to five storied – Performance, Part 1: General requirements”.