Cristiane Ramos Vieira

Omissão de macronutrientes no desenvolvimento de mudas de mogno africano

O estudo objetivou identificar a sintomatologia visual das carencias de macronutrientes, o crescimento das mudas e, os macronutrientes mais absorvidos pelas mudas de mogno africano ( Khaya anthotheca Welv.), submetidas a omissao de macronutrientes. As mudas foram produzidas em tubetes contendo areia, em seguida, transplantadas para tubos de PVC com areia e, submetidas por 15 dias a solucao completa em nutrientes. Logo apos, aplicou-se as solucoes nutritivas, completa e com omissao de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S, por 90 dias, constituindo um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos e tres repeticoes. Os sintomas de deficiencias foram descritos a cada cinco dias. E, ao final do experimento, as mudas foram avaliadas em altura, diâmetro, biomassa seca, indice de qualidade de Dickson e concentracao de macronutrientes. Nesse contexto, N, K e S foram os macronutrientes que mais limitaram o crescimento e a qualidade das mudas de K. anthotheca , e, os mais requeridos.

Cinzas de madeira na produção de mudas de eucalipto

The wood ash, although little used in the composition of substrates for seedlings production, can contain readily available nutrients and, therefore, increase the fertility conditions of the substrate. Because of it was carried out experiment in nursery in order to verify the combination of: soil, commercial substrate (Plantmax®) and plant ashes, more suitable for the production of Eucalyptus camaldulensis seedlings. The seedlings were grown in plastic tubetes with a capacity of 160 cm³ using seeds germinated in sand and vermiculite. When they reaching 15 cm of height, the plants were transplanted to the treatments: 100% soil; 75% soil + 25% ash; 75% Plantmax® + 25% ash; 50% soil + 50% ash; 50% Plantmax® + 50% ash; 50% soil + 25% Plantmax® + 25% ashes, arranged in a randomized design with 10 repetitions. The evaluation of the growth occurred 90 days after transplantation, with the measurement of shoot height, diameter collect, the leaf biomass, stem biomass, roots biomass and concentrations of nutrients in the leaves of seedlings. The combinations of substrates that provided the greatest growth of E. camaldulensis seedlings were 50% solo + 50% ash and 50% Plantmax® + 50% ash.

Ash content, carbon and C/N ratio in paricá in function of NPK fertilization

Fertilization in areas of forest plantations is needed to supplement plants´ nutritional needs until harvest. An experiment was performed to check the influence of fertilization on levels of ash, carbon and C/N relation in Schizolobium amazonicum. Soil liming was performed and fertilization occurred after 15 days of incubation. S. amazonicum seedlings were produced and submitted to fertilization with N, P and K: N = 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1; P2O5 = 0, 50, 100 and 200 kg ha-1; K2O = 0, 50, 100 and 200 kg ha-1. The plants were measured after 180 days. The seedlings of 20 treatments with the highest increase in height and diameter were transplanted to the field. Soil was fertilized and limestone was spread; seedlings were distributed into randomized blocks, with six replications. After 12 months, the plants were removed to determine ash, organic carbon, C/N relation contents. The ashes were submitted to digestion to determine nutrient concentrations. Fertilization influenced the levels of ash and organic carbon and C/N relation in S. amazonicum. Results indicate that the species has a potential for energy production.

Fertilização mineral e calagem no crescimento de mudas de Eucalyptus camaldulensis

The use of substrates can produce seedlings with adequate morphological characteristics for planting in the field. Therefore, experiment was realized in a nursery in order to evaluate the use of limestone and different fertilizer formulations on the production of Eucalyptus camaldulensis seedlings. The seedlings of the specie were produced in tubetes with a capacity to 160 cm³, originating of seeds that were placed to germinate in sand and vermiculite. When they reach 15 cm of height, the plants were transplanted for the treatments tested: T1 - 100% Plantmax®; T2 - Plantmax® + NPK + lime; T3 Plantmax® + lime + N; T4 - Plantmax® + lime + P; T5 - Plantmax® + lime + K; T6 - Plantmax® + N; T7 - Plantmax® + P; T8 - Plantmax® + K; T9 - Plantmax® + limestone, with ten replications in a completely randomized design. The growth evaluation occurred 90 days after the start of analysis with the measuring height, diameter collect, biomass and, concentrations of macronutrients and B. It was verify that is important to consider the use of Plantmax® as substrate, because it does not release nutrients in adequate concentrations for all species. The best conditions for the seedlings production of E. camaldulensis were with substrate containing Plantmax® + calcario + N; Plantmax® + calcario + P; Plantmax® + N; or Plantmax® + P.

Comparative study of preparation of nutrient solutions methodologies in the growth of parica seedlings

Quanto as especies florestais nativas, pouco se sabe sobre suas exigencias nutricionais, uma das tecnicas que auxiliam na obtencao de dados nutricionais e a de omissao de nutrientes. Sao varias as pesquisas que utilizam solucao nutritiva para especies nativas, porem, cada solucao pode conter concentracoes diferentes de nutrientes. Por isso, ha a necessidade de estudos que auxiliem quanto a escolha da solucao ideal para cada especie. O objetivo do experimento foi identificar a sintomatologia visual das deficiencias de macronutrientes, avaliar o crescimento e a qualidade das mudas de Schizolobium amazonicum Herb. utilizando diferentes metodologias de preparo de solucoes nutritivas. Para isso, as mudas foram produzidas em tubetes e transplantadas para tubos de PVC com areia ao atingirem 20 cm e foram submetidas por 15 dias a solucao completa, com renovacao a cada cinco dias. Em seguida, foram submetidas por 90 dias as solucoes completa e com omissao de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com sete tratamentos e tres repeticoes, para cada metodologia de preparo de solucoes nutritivas. Os sintomas de deficiencias foram identificados a cada cinco dias e, apos 90 dias mediu-se altura, diâmetro de colo, massa seca e os teores de macro e micronutrientes. A metodologia proposta por Bolle-Jones foi a mais indicada para mudas de S. amazonicum . Ressaltando-se que ha que se atentar para as diferentes solucoes nutritivas propostas na literatura e considerar as exigencias nutricionais quando para especie diferente. Abstract About native species, little is known about their nutritional requirements, one of the techniques that assist in obtaining nutritional information is the omission of nutrients. There are a lot of studies using nutrient solution for native species, but each nutrient solution can contain different concentrations of nutrients. Therefore, there is a need for studies to assist in the choice of the optimal solution for each species. The objective of this experiment was to identify visual symptoms of macronutrients deficiences to evaluate the growth and quality of parica seedlings using different methods of preparation of nutrient solutions. For this, the seedlings were grown in tubetes and transplanted to PVC tube with sand when they reached 20 cm, being submitted for 15 days to complete solution, with renewal every five days. Then, it were subjected for 90 days to complete solutions and the omission of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in a completely randomized design with seven treatments and three replications in each preparation methodology of nutrient solutions. The symptoms of deficiencies were identified every five days. After 90 days were evaluated height, diameter, dry biomass yield and concentration of macro and micronutrients. The methodology proposed by Bolle-Jones was the most indicated for S. amazonicum seedlings. However, it must pay attention to the different nutrient solutions proposed in the literature and to consider the nutritional requirements for different species.

EFEITOS DA SATURAÇÃO POR BASES NO CRESCIMENTO E NA NUTRIÇÃO DE MUDAS DE JATOBÁ

One of the major obstacles to the production of seedlings on a large scale and for the establishment of forest plantations with native species is the lack of knowledge about their nutritional requirements. Among these species, there is the Hymenaeae courbaril (Hayne) Lee e Lang, whose wood is widely used in construction. Therefore, we carried out experiments in the nursery, in order to verify influence of base saturation on growth and nutrition of jatoba ( Hymenaea courbaril (Hayne) Lee et Lang). The soil used in the experiment was the Cambisol humic with loamy sand, collected in Cerrado area and, later, limestoned. The amount of lime used in each treatment was calculated according to the method of raising saturation. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replications: T0 - control (20 %); T1 – 40 % of base saturation; T2 – 60 %; T3 – 70 %; T4 – 90 %. Subsequently, we performed the basic fertilization with macro and micronutrients and topdressing with N. After 120 days of transplantation were evaluated: height, diameter collect, biomass of aerial parts and roots; and the concentration of macronutrients. The base saturation influenced the growth of H. courbaril . The highest values for the morphological characteristics were observed in base saturation of 40%. Appropriate concentrations of macro and micronutrients were between the 20 % (control), 40 % and 70 % saturation.

AVALIAÇÃO DE SUBSTRATOS NA PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE JATOBÁ

Not always the nursery can make large investments in substrate for the production of seedlings. So some research has been developed to study the use of organic substrates on production of rentable forest species. Therefore, an experiment was developed, in nursery, in order to verify the combination of soil, commercial substrate (Plantmax®) and poultry litter decomposed, in the production of Hymenaea courbaril seedlings. The seedlings were grown in plastic tubetes with a capacity of 280 cc with seeds placed to germinate directly in the tested treatments. Were evaluated the effects of seven combinations of substrates: 100 % soil; 100 % Plantmax®; 50 % soil + 50 % Plantmax®; 50 % soil + 50 % decomposed poultry litter; 50 % Plantmax® + 50 % decomposed poultry litter; 80 % decomposed poultry litter + 10 % soil + 10 % Plantmax®; 20 % decomposed poultry litter + 40 % soil + 40 % Plantmax®. Originating seven treatments, arranged in a completely randomized design with 10 repetitions. The evaluation of the growth occurred 120 days after the first germination, with the measurement of height, diameter, biomass, and concentrations of macro and micronutrients in the leaves of seedlings. The combination of substrates influenced the growth and H. courbaril nutrition, recommending the proportion of 50 % Plantmax® + 50 % decomposed poultry litter.

ESTUDO DE RESÍDUOS ORGÂNICOS COMO SUBSTRATO PARA A PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE PARICÁ

An alternative to disposal of organic residue is it reused in production of forest species. This study was conducted in order to verify the influence of organic substrates on the growth and nutrition of Schizolobium amazonicum Herb. The seedlings were produced in sand, at the moment that the organic substrates were mixed in different proportions to the commercial substrate Basaplant® and low fertility soil. After incubation, the plants were transferred to the tubes containing the substrates. The experimental design was completely randomized with 23 treatments and four replications. To analysis of growth, were measured height and diameter. The seedlings were dried for weighing the dry mass. This dried material was submitted to digestion: sulfuric and nitric-perchloric, for nutrient concentrations analysis. The growth and development of S. amazonicum seedlings were positively influenced by the combinations of manure, soil and Basaplant®, but promoted increases of K to phytotoxic levels.

Saturação por Bases e Doses de P no Crescimento e Nutrição de Mudas de Cerejeira (Amburana acreana Ducke)

Cerejeira trees (Amburana acreana Ducke) are considered native forest specie vulnerable to extinction, making the need to stimulate their seedlings production an indispensable practice. However, little is known about it nutritional requirements. This study aimed at verifying the influence of different cation saturation levels and P levels on growth and nutrition of A. acreana seedlings. The experiment was conducted on greenhouse with the treatments placed in plastic bags with a capacity of 2.5 kg in a combinations of four saturation (20.5, 50, 60 and 70%) with four different P doses (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha), using a randomized block design with five replications, one plant per block. Height, diameter and the relation between height and diameter were evaluated every 30 days. After 120 days, the seedlings were sectioned into leaves, diameter and root to biomass production. In the ground and dried material were determinate the macronutrients levels. The diameter growth and dry matter production in the leaves of A. acreana seedlings were not influenced by the increase in cation saturation and P doses. This is because was not observed elevation on the macronutrients concentration with the treatment tested.

Características do solo e das mudas de teca em função da adição de lodo do caleiro

Neste estudo foi objetivado avaliar o desenvolvimento de mudas de teca utilizando como substrato orgânico e fonte de nutriente o lodo do caleiro. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetacao da Faculdade de Agronomia, Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso com os tratamentos: 0,0; 30,0; 60,0; 90,0; 120,0 e 150,0 Mg.ha -1 . Ao final, foram avaliados: altura das plantas, diâmetro do caule, massa seca parte aerea, massa seca raiz e as alteracoes quimicas no solo. O desenvolvimento das mudas foi influenciado pelo lodo do caleiro, tendo incrementos decrescentes em todas as caracteristicas avaliadas a medida que se adicionou o residuo, e este, por consequencia, alterou todas as caracteristicas quimicas do solo. O lodo de caleiro nas doses estudadas nao foi adequado a producao de mudas de teca. Portanto, estudos devem ser realizados a fim de tentar manter concentracoes que nao prejudiquem o sistema solo-planta.