José Fernando Scaramuzza

Oxidizable fraction of organic carbon in an Argisol under different land use systems

The objective of this study was to evaluate carbon input in labile and stable fractions in an ARGISOL of northwestern Brazil under different land use systems. Use systems being evaluated include: forest - MA (reference), agrosilvopasture - TCP (teak, cocoa and pasture); agroforest - TC (teak and cocoa); teak forest at 8 and 5 years - T8 and T5, and pasture - PA. In each system three furrows were made at depths of 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm and 10-20 cm. An area consisting of native vegetation (forest) adjacent to the experiment was sampled and used as control treatment. The use systems MA, T8 and T5 had higher levels of total organic carbon (COT) and the MA system had higher levels of labile carbon (CL) than the other systems, with the exception of TC at a depth of 10-20 cm. In the MA system, COT levels were higher in comparison to use systems TCP, TC and PA while CL levels were higher than the levels observed in use systems TCP and TC. In most cases being analyzed, CL levels were lower than COT levels, therefore this trait can be used as an indicator to assess anthropogenic changes relating to the maintenance or condition of soil organic matter.

Deficiências de macronutrientes em sorgo

A procura de informacoes sobre sorgo tem aumentado e parece estar associada ao seu maior potencial produtivo, maior resistencia ao deficit hidrico, o surgimento de novas cultivares e expansao do seu cultivo na regiao do Cerrado. Com base nisso, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho verificar os sintomas tipicos e individualizados de deficiencia nutricional de macronutrientes na cultura do sorgo, mediante a observacao dos efeitos da omissao de nutrientes no desenvolvimento das plantas e avaliar os efeitos dessas omissoes na composicao mineral do sorgo. Foram cultivadas plantas de sorgo em solucao nutritiva completa de Sarruge (1975), submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos: omissao de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S. Aos dois dias apos o inicio do ensaio, as plantas apresentaram os primeiros indicios de deficiencia, que foram descritos e caracterizados. Quando os sintomas estavam definidos as plantas foram coletadas, lavadas, separadas em folhas, colmo e raizes, colocadas para secar, para posterior determinacao de massa seca, area foliar e teores de macronutrientes. Os sintomas visuais de deficiencia de nutrientes mostraram-se de uma maneira geral facilmente caracterizaveis. A producao de massa seca foi afetada pela omissao de nutrientes e os tratamentos que mais afetaram as diferentes partes das plantas e as areas foliares foram as omissoes de nitrogenio, calcio e magnesio. O acumulo de nutrientes pelas plantas obedeceu a seguinte ordem decrescente: N>K>Ca>Mg>P>S.

Desempenho e orientação do crescimento do pepino japonês em ambiente protegido

The production of the Japanese cucumber Tsuyataro was evaluated using methods of stems growth conduction, controlling the lateral buds and number of stems per plant, through pruning. The research was carried out from October to December 2010, in a protected environment in Tangara da Serra, Mato Grosso state, Brazil, using a randomized blocks design, with five replications, in a factorial scheme (2x3). The first factor was the pruning, i.e., removal or not of lateral stems and the second factor was constituted of the control of number of stems: one, two and three stems per plant, with five replications. We evaluated the following characteristics: total and marketable number of fruits, commercial fruits rate, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit length/diameter ratio, total and marketable yield of fruit per plant and fruit average weight. The treatment with conduction of the main stem without removal of lateral buds had better performance on total and marketable number of fruits per plant (19.4 and 16.0) and higher total and marketable yield of fruits (4,235.8 and 3,438.3 g per plant). The pruning of lateral buds provided increase in length, diameter and average mass of cucumber fruits of 24.5 to 25.1 cm; 3.4 to 3.5 cm and 212.1 to 228.3 g per fruit, respectively.

Sintomas de deficiências nutricionais e matéria seca em plantas de nim, cultivadas em solução nutritiva

O plantio de especies florestais e uma atividade que, alem de introduzir novos generos exoticos, pode atenuar os impactos ambientais decorrentes do extrativismo. Entretanto, esse sucesso depende, entre outros fatores, do conhecimento das necessidades nutricionais da especie a ser utilizada. Objetivou-se verificar os sintomas tipicos de deficiencia nutricional de macronutrientes na cultura do nim, atraves da observacao visual das plantas. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetacao na Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinaria (FAMEV) da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), em Cuiaba/MT, e foi instalado em blocos casualizados, com sete tratamentos e tres repeticoes. Cada unidade experimental foi representada por um vaso plastico de dois litros de capacidade. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: solucao nutritiva completa e com omissao dos nutrientes: -N, -P, -K, -Ca, -Mg e -S. Verificou-se que os sintomas visuais de deficiencia de nutrientes foram, de maneira geral, facilmente caracterizaveis com excecao do tratamento com omissao de enxofre. Portanto, a omissao de macronutrientes diminui a producao da materia seca total das plantas de nim, exceto a omissao do nutriente S.

Omissão de macronutrientes no desenvolvimento de mudas de mogno africano

O estudo objetivou identificar a sintomatologia visual das carencias de macronutrientes, o crescimento das mudas e, os macronutrientes mais absorvidos pelas mudas de mogno africano ( Khaya anthotheca Welv.), submetidas a omissao de macronutrientes. As mudas foram produzidas em tubetes contendo areia, em seguida, transplantadas para tubos de PVC com areia e, submetidas por 15 dias a solucao completa em nutrientes. Logo apos, aplicou-se as solucoes nutritivas, completa e com omissao de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S, por 90 dias, constituindo um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos e tres repeticoes. Os sintomas de deficiencias foram descritos a cada cinco dias. E, ao final do experimento, as mudas foram avaliadas em altura, diâmetro, biomassa seca, indice de qualidade de Dickson e concentracao de macronutrientes. Nesse contexto, N, K e S foram os macronutrientes que mais limitaram o crescimento e a qualidade das mudas de K. anthotheca , e, os mais requeridos.

Ash content, carbon and C/N ratio in paricá in function of NPK fertilization

Fertilization in areas of forest plantations is needed to supplement plants´ nutritional needs until harvest. An experiment was performed to check the influence of fertilization on levels of ash, carbon and C/N relation in Schizolobium amazonicum. Soil liming was performed and fertilization occurred after 15 days of incubation. S. amazonicum seedlings were produced and submitted to fertilization with N, P and K: N = 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1; P2O5 = 0, 50, 100 and 200 kg ha-1; K2O = 0, 50, 100 and 200 kg ha-1. The plants were measured after 180 days. The seedlings of 20 treatments with the highest increase in height and diameter were transplanted to the field. Soil was fertilized and limestone was spread; seedlings were distributed into randomized blocks, with six replications. After 12 months, the plants were removed to determine ash, organic carbon, C/N relation contents. The ashes were submitted to digestion to determine nutrient concentrations. Fertilization influenced the levels of ash and organic carbon and C/N relation in S. amazonicum. Results indicate that the species has a potential for energy production.

Comparative study of preparation of nutrient solutions methodologies in the growth of parica seedlings

Quanto as especies florestais nativas, pouco se sabe sobre suas exigencias nutricionais, uma das tecnicas que auxiliam na obtencao de dados nutricionais e a de omissao de nutrientes. Sao varias as pesquisas que utilizam solucao nutritiva para especies nativas, porem, cada solucao pode conter concentracoes diferentes de nutrientes. Por isso, ha a necessidade de estudos que auxiliem quanto a escolha da solucao ideal para cada especie. O objetivo do experimento foi identificar a sintomatologia visual das deficiencias de macronutrientes, avaliar o crescimento e a qualidade das mudas de Schizolobium amazonicum Herb. utilizando diferentes metodologias de preparo de solucoes nutritivas. Para isso, as mudas foram produzidas em tubetes e transplantadas para tubos de PVC com areia ao atingirem 20 cm e foram submetidas por 15 dias a solucao completa, com renovacao a cada cinco dias. Em seguida, foram submetidas por 90 dias as solucoes completa e com omissao de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com sete tratamentos e tres repeticoes, para cada metodologia de preparo de solucoes nutritivas. Os sintomas de deficiencias foram identificados a cada cinco dias e, apos 90 dias mediu-se altura, diâmetro de colo, massa seca e os teores de macro e micronutrientes. A metodologia proposta por Bolle-Jones foi a mais indicada para mudas de S. amazonicum . Ressaltando-se que ha que se atentar para as diferentes solucoes nutritivas propostas na literatura e considerar as exigencias nutricionais quando para especie diferente. Abstract About native species, little is known about their nutritional requirements, one of the techniques that assist in obtaining nutritional information is the omission of nutrients. There are a lot of studies using nutrient solution for native species, but each nutrient solution can contain different concentrations of nutrients. Therefore, there is a need for studies to assist in the choice of the optimal solution for each species. The objective of this experiment was to identify visual symptoms of macronutrients deficiences to evaluate the growth and quality of parica seedlings using different methods of preparation of nutrient solutions. For this, the seedlings were grown in tubetes and transplanted to PVC tube with sand when they reached 20 cm, being submitted for 15 days to complete solution, with renewal every five days. Then, it were subjected for 90 days to complete solutions and the omission of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in a completely randomized design with seven treatments and three replications in each preparation methodology of nutrient solutions. The symptoms of deficiencies were identified every five days. After 90 days were evaluated height, diameter, dry biomass yield and concentration of macro and micronutrients. The methodology proposed by Bolle-Jones was the most indicated for S. amazonicum seedlings. However, it must pay attention to the different nutrient solutions proposed in the literature and to consider the nutritional requirements for different species.

Eficiência de Forrageiras e Efeito da Micorriza na Absorção de Fósforo Menos Disponível do Solo

A asma e definida como uma doenca inflamatoria cronica caracterizada por hiper-responsividade das vias aereas inferiores e por limitacao variavel ao fluxo aereo, podendo ser reversivel espontaneamente ou com tratamento. O objetivo desse estudo foi realizar um levantamento das diversas tecnicas fisioterapeuticas utilizadas no controle da asma. Para tanto, foi realizado uma revisao bibliografica assistematica utilizando livros e artigos cientificos, nacionais e internacionais, publicados no periodo de 2000 a 2010, no Portal de Periodicos da Capes, no Google Academico, nas Bases de Dados Scielo e Lilacs; alem da busca na Biblioteca da Universidade de Cuiaba, como forma de salientar a importância investigativa dos diversos processos fisioterapeuticos frente ao problema exposto, em sua abordagem tecnica e clinica. Na bibliografia consultada, varios estudos demonstraram resultados significativos no tratamento da asma. No campo da fisioterapia respiratoria as diversas tecnicas utilizadas demonstraram um papel importante no controle e na recuperacao do paciente asmatico, trazendo beneficios tanto no bem estar fisico, social e emocional.

EFEITOS DA SATURAÇÃO POR BASES NO CRESCIMENTO E NA NUTRIÇÃO DE MUDAS DE JATOBÁ

One of the major obstacles to the production of seedlings on a large scale and for the establishment of forest plantations with native species is the lack of knowledge about their nutritional requirements. Among these species, there is the Hymenaeae courbaril (Hayne) Lee e Lang, whose wood is widely used in construction. Therefore, we carried out experiments in the nursery, in order to verify influence of base saturation on growth and nutrition of jatoba ( Hymenaea courbaril (Hayne) Lee et Lang). The soil used in the experiment was the Cambisol humic with loamy sand, collected in Cerrado area and, later, limestoned. The amount of lime used in each treatment was calculated according to the method of raising saturation. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replications: T0 - control (20 %); T1 – 40 % of base saturation; T2 – 60 %; T3 – 70 %; T4 – 90 %. Subsequently, we performed the basic fertilization with macro and micronutrients and topdressing with N. After 120 days of transplantation were evaluated: height, diameter collect, biomass of aerial parts and roots; and the concentration of macronutrients. The base saturation influenced the growth of H. courbaril . The highest values for the morphological characteristics were observed in base saturation of 40%. Appropriate concentrations of macro and micronutrients were between the 20 % (control), 40 % and 70 % saturation.

ESTUDO DE RESÍDUOS ORGÂNICOS COMO SUBSTRATO PARA A PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE PARICÁ

An alternative to disposal of organic residue is it reused in production of forest species. This study was conducted in order to verify the influence of organic substrates on the growth and nutrition of Schizolobium amazonicum Herb. The seedlings were produced in sand, at the moment that the organic substrates were mixed in different proportions to the commercial substrate Basaplant® and low fertility soil. After incubation, the plants were transferred to the tubes containing the substrates. The experimental design was completely randomized with 23 treatments and four replications. To analysis of growth, were measured height and diameter. The seedlings were dried for weighing the dry mass. This dried material was submitted to digestion: sulfuric and nitric-perchloric, for nutrient concentrations analysis. The growth and development of S. amazonicum seedlings were positively influenced by the combinations of manure, soil and Basaplant®, but promoted increases of K to phytotoxic levels.