Cristiano Aguiar de Oliveira

DISCRIMINAÇÃO POR GÊNERO NO MERCADO DE TRABALHO LOCAL: UM ESTUDO PARA OS MUNICÍPIOS DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL

The objective of this paper is to analyze the difference in income between men and women in the main municipalities of the seven mesoregions of Rio Grande do Sul. Therefore, from the 2010 Census database, the decomposition of the gender earnings differential is obtained using the Oaxaca-Blinder procedure with the addition of controls for the sectors (economic activities) of the analyzed municipalities. This procedure allows checking whether the magnitude of the wage difference between the genders is explained by differences in productive attributes of individuals, in the allocation between sectors of economic activity, in the characteristics of the labor market of the municipalities or by factors related to discrimination. The results show that although women have greater productive attributes than men, they receive lower wages, even when controls for the allocation in the activities and for local labor markets are included, a fact that provides sufficient evidence for the existence of statistical discrimination against women in all analyzed municipalities.

Programas de Transferência de Renda e Trabalho Infantil no Rio Grande do Sul DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18836/2178-0587/ealr.v5n1p99-117

Although forbidden by Brazilian law, child labor reaches nearly sixty thousand children in Rio Grande do Sul. This paper studies the determinants of child labor in this state using a recursive bivariate Probit model with information from the 2010 Census conducted by the IBGE. In particular, the paper aims to assess the impacts of cash transfer programs on the incidence of child labor. The results show that child labor in the state is not associated with insufficient family income and that the income transfer programs are not able to reduce it, although they increase the likelihood of child study.

Income Transfer Programs and Child Labor in Rio Grande do Sul

Although forbidden by Brazilian law, child labor reaches nearly sixty thousand children in Rio Grande do Sul. This paper studies the determinants of child labor in this state using a recursive bivariate Probit model with information from the 2010 Census conducted by the IBGE. In particular, the paper aims to assess the impacts of cash transfer programs on the incidence of child labor. The results show that child labor in the state is not associated with insufficient family income and that the income transfer programs are not able to reduce it, although they increase the likelihood of child study.

IMPACTO DO CRESCIMENTO, DA CONCENTRAÇÃO DA RENDA E DAS TRANSFERÊNCIAS GOVERNAMENTAIS SOBRE A POBREZA NOS MUNICÍPIOS BRASILEIROS

This paper estimates the income (from work and government transferences) elasticity and the income inequality elast icity with respect to poverty in Brazilian municipalities in 1991 and 2000. The elasticities are calculated using quantile regression. It was observed that the income inequality elasticities are bigger than income elasticity, which is bigger than government income transference elasticity, which shows low values. The income and income inequality elasticity has been diminishing during the period. Mainly, in the quantiles with a higher incidence of poor people. By other side, the government income transference grew in municipalities with more poor people in the same period, which implies that this politic tool had become relatively more efficient in poverty reduction. The paper concludes that poverty reduction policies should consider the existent differences presented by Brazilian municipalities’ income distribution.