Cristina Boboc

Labour migration as a way to escape from employment vulnerability? Evidence from the European Union

ABSTRACT Free Movement of people is a fundamental principle of the European Union (EU). In a context of strong divergence in employment and working conditions among EU member states, migration can be seen as a way to increase employment opportunities but also to escape from poor working conditions at home. In this article, we focus on the possible influence of employment vulnerability by comparing its individual level among migrants and native workers in EU countries. We implement propensity score matching methods using data from the European Social Survey (2008) and indexes of employment vulnerability proposed by Bazillier et al. (2014). Overall, we show that migrants face the same level of employment vulnerability than natives, all other things being equal. But there are strong differences by skill-level. Low-skilled migrants have a lower level of vulnerability mainly because of a lower level of employer vulnerability while high-skilled migrants face a higher level of vulnerability, because of a higher level of job vulnerability.

Romanian Labour Migration: Employees Perspective

Abstract The Romanian labor market has faced over time with an irregular transition, resulting in an increase of labor shortages. One reason for this phenomenon is the increase of emigration. This paper aims to identify: the employee profile, for those who would like to migrate for work abroad; the preferred emigration ways for employees, and the characteristics of employees who would like to work abroad for higher earnings. Therefore a survey of SME employees in urban areas of the country is developed with the support of the Romanian Institute of Public Opinion Survey (IRSOP Market Research & Consulting). The survey respondents were asked about their opinion on the major problems facing the Romanian labor market: discrimination, external migration and undeclared work. Survey results show that potential migrants’ profile in Romania is similar to that of European migrant: male individuals with low education, young and without experience. The analysis revealed a significant influence of the regional factor on migration. The authors mentioned some social and economic measures needed to be implemented to reduce Romanian external migration.

Brain Drains or Brain Gains in Physicians Emigration? Evidence from MENA and East European Countries

This is a contribution to the new economics of skilled labor emigration that focuses on the mobility of physicians inside European Union from sending MENA and East European countries. Economic models under risk neutrality and aversion are used. The findings show that the education could change significantly the results on the emigration benefices. The empirical results based on the available data on emigration by Docquier and Marfouk (2006, 2008) and Bhargava, Docquier and Moullan (2010) allowed further use of the model to understand the current trends in the emigration of physicians and the border between brain gain and brain drain. The countries included in the study are all exhibiting brain gain under 1991-2004 emigration data. Each country is encouraged to anticipate the likely effects of this emigration on the economy with the increase of health demand, the domestic wages and the increase in education capacity for medical doctors.

Migration of Physicians: Causes and Effects in CEE Countries

Physicians’ migration revolves around the reasons of better structure of medical education, desire for better income, general security and improved prospects for family. Moreover, many Central and East European Countries are characterized by severe shortages, inappropriate skill mixes and gaps in health service coverage. This paper starts with a literature review about the determinants of migration. Most of the post-enlargement East-West migration flows have been pushed by the dissatisfaction with economic opportunities in new member states compared to the older ones. Is this the main reason as well for migration of physicians? And which are the effects of this migration in source countries? In order to answer to these questions, we have analyzed the health sector in CEE countries: health trends and patterns, education, employment, wages, physicians’ migration by using descriptive statistics, factorial and regression analysis.

Patterns in Romanian Tourism Activity—A Factorial Analysis

According to the data provided by the National Institute of Statistics, in Romania, in 2015, there were recorded almost ten million tourist arrivals in accommodation establishments, of which foreign tourist arrivals represented less than a quarter (22.55%). After 2000, tourist arrivals have registered an upward trend, interrupted only during the global economic and financial crisis in 2008–2009. Over 57% of foreign tourists arrivals in Romania in 2015 came from the European Union (mostly from Hungary and Bulgaria), and from Republic of Moldova and Ukraine. In 2014, only 5% of companies in Romania were operating in the hotel and restaurant industry, their turnover representing less than 1% of the total value. The average length of stay for Romanian tourists ranges between 2 days (at the mountain) and over 3 days (at the seaside). Foreign tourist arrivals are mostly concentrated in mountain areas, in Bucharest, and in other cities as well. This paper identifies and explores—using methods of descriptive statistics and factor analysis—patterns existing in relationships between different tourism statistical indicators (arrivals of Romanian tourists, arrivals of foreign tourists, overnight staying for Romanian and foreign tourists, tourism accommodation capacity, tourism accommodation establishments, favorite tourism destinations). Thus, there are analyzed the essential components and characteristics of the main types of tourism developed in Romania and some measures of economic and social policy are proposed, aiming at optimizing tourism activity in Romania.

The Main Factors that Influence the Decision in Choosing a Path in Tertiary Education

Abstract Choosing a college may be a difficult and sometimes an unpredictable process, but it is mainly seen from one perspective. We can find a lot of articles that give advice on how to make the best decision, but we do not know exactly the final result: what made a person choose a college over another one. So, a college can also be seen as a product. It is important to know the candidates expectation and to determine his / her motivation. Many would say that the main influence is the passion for a particular field, but there are few who know exactly what they want to become when they graduate High cchool which lead us into thinking that there are other significant motives. Therefore the purpose of this study is to determine the most important characteristics which take part in the process of the decision. In order to understand how people make choices between universities, a survey was conducted (collecting the quantitative information from young Romanian citizens) from which we extracted the ideal profile of a college and the satisfaction concerning the choices made by students. The results give a general view on what the candidates / students expect from the universities.