Valentina Vasile

Macroeconomic Impact of FDI in Romania

Abstract The paper analyses the impact of FDI in Romania on macroeconomic aggregates of GDP, exports, imports, trade balance, current account and, balance of external payments, focusing on the relationship between main determinants of FDI efficiency for host and origine countries. A special attention is paid to the role of reinvested and expatriated profits of spillovers, transfer, prices and structural patterns of Romanias FDI, under the circumstances of current economic and financial crisis, in an international comparative context.

Romanian Labour Migration: Employees Perspective

Abstract The Romanian labor market has faced over time with an irregular transition, resulting in an increase of labor shortages. One reason for this phenomenon is the increase of emigration. This paper aims to identify: the employee profile, for those who would like to migrate for work abroad; the preferred emigration ways for employees, and the characteristics of employees who would like to work abroad for higher earnings. Therefore a survey of SME employees in urban areas of the country is developed with the support of the Romanian Institute of Public Opinion Survey (IRSOP Market Research & Consulting). The survey respondents were asked about their opinion on the major problems facing the Romanian labor market: discrimination, external migration and undeclared work. Survey results show that potential migrants’ profile in Romania is similar to that of European migrant: male individuals with low education, young and without experience. The analysis revealed a significant influence of the regional factor on migration. The authors mentioned some social and economic measures needed to be implemented to reduce Romanian external migration.

Material Dimension of Life Quality and Social Inclusion

Abstract The paper will be focused on the state of art in the field of social inclusion in relation with the quality of life and its material dimension. The main aspects regarding the material dimension of life quality refer to the income – households and individuals –, lack of durable goods, sever material deprivation, people living in households with low intensity of work etc. A particular concern should be attributed to the prevention of poverty and social exclusion, more specific the measurement of the risk of falling into poverty or social exclusion. Moreover, this is also one of the main objectives of the Europe 2020 Strategy. Therefore, the paper will emphasize the situation for the Romanian society in respect of poverty and social inclusion including trends and characteristics. The topic is of high actuality and the findings of the paper will show the main areas where the national policies and strategies should be tailored for an adequate implementation with the aim of reaching the proposed targets.

Economic-financial and Social Vulnerabilities of Romania in the Period 2013-2020☆

Abstract The paper provides an analysis of Romanias external debt vulnerabilities in the EU post-accession period based on existing indicators in this domain and taking into consideration structural challenges and critical values of debt thresholds. The main conclusion is that increasing external debt in Romania generates a series of vulnerabilities related to the risk of financial distress and low capacity to pay back the principal and debt service. The paper contains a set of proposals concerning the factors of improving debt sustainability in Romania taking into consideration the impact of trade balance, foreign direct investment, crediting of households and private companies with denomination in foreign currency and lei, contribution of labour force employment. The paper highlight the necessity of periodical reviewing the sustainability factors of external debt in accordance with the changes in the quality of policy-mix and administration institution and economic efficiency.

Perspectives of the Quantitative and Structural Evolution of Tertiary Education in Romania

Abstract The paper deals with the problems of development of tertiary education during the last decade and the perspective in the second decade of the 21-st century. Therefore, firstly, it is analysed the evolution of the number of students and their distribution within specialization fields in European Union. Also, a special attention is paid to identification of characteristic features of the tertiary education in Romania during the period of integration in European Union. The second part of the paper is dedicated the projection of tertiary education supply in Romania from quantitative and structural point of view. In this context, there are presented the constraints and opportunities for the modelling the evolution of tertiary education generated by demographic dynamics and the convergence with the students distribution on specialization fields registered in European Union as a whole.

Labour Mobility Impact on Sending Countries. Romanian EU Workers Case Study

Abstract Free movement of workers is one of the four freedoms of EU law and and labour force relocation through temporary migration is a form of efficient distribution of resources on the EU labour market. Although it is estimated that the net effects labour mobility leads to win-win for both countries involved, the higher demand for qualified workforce and extending the average duration of temporary mobility increases win-win imbalance to the detriment of the country of origin. In sending countries, labour migration may lead to mitigation of the labour market by reducing unemployment and wage growth, but may also emphasize imbalances directly, or through spillover effects. As EU Romanians mobile workers are over 2.25 million (2011, WB) and the trend of growth continues, though more moderate in the crisis, the effects on the Romanian economy grow and “advantages of mobility” are significantly lower. In this paper we have estimated the main effects of the free movement of Romanian workers in the EU and identified appropriate policy measures to manage outflows. We used labour force survey data and estimates of BM and determined the impact on socio -economic variables such as GDP, the level and structure of employment, on state budget incomes, investment potential.

Crisis Impact on Employment and Mobility Model of the Romanian University Graduates

Abstract In less developed countries, the main concern is represented not that much by external mobility of workers, but by the migration of those with higher education, the so-called “brain-drain” due to the associated loss of economic potential. The capacity of the labour market from the origin country to retain through quality jobs the new generations of graduates may represent a deterrent for employment and career mobility. In the present paper we shall analyse the motivation for migration of Romanian youths in the last years of their licence and master studies based on processing a survey developed in the period May-June 2012 among the economic higher education graduates. The comparative disadvantages regarding development level, labour remuneration and attractive jobs, as well as the structural deficit between the supply of the educational system on training fields and specialisations and the demand of the labour market motivates the propensity to international mobility for labour, even for professions requiring an adjustment on the labour market of the country of destination, by training on the job or additional education.

Migration of Physicians: Causes and Effects in CEE Countries

Physicians’ migration revolves around the reasons of better structure of medical education, desire for better income, general security and improved prospects for family. Moreover, many Central and East European Countries are characterized by severe shortages, inappropriate skill mixes and gaps in health service coverage. This paper starts with a literature review about the determinants of migration. Most of the post-enlargement East-West migration flows have been pushed by the dissatisfaction with economic opportunities in new member states compared to the older ones. Is this the main reason as well for migration of physicians? And which are the effects of this migration in source countries? In order to answer to these questions, we have analyzed the health sector in CEE countries: health trends and patterns, education, employment, wages, physicians’ migration by using descriptive statistics, factorial and regression analysis.

Employment Profile in Tourism Sector in Romania—Skills Demand and Quality of Jobs’ Perspectives in the Context of Local Heritage Valuing Using Business Innovation and ITC Support

Using official statistics at national level, the paper aims to contribute to tourism studies in Romania from the perspective of employment in tourism industry. Romania’s specific characteristics will be identified in terms of quality and structure of employment. National level is considered for analysing the social productivity of labour in terms of GDP and employment for the tourism sector. The quality of employment is reviewed also in terms of permanency of job and average seniority of work with the same employer. The employment is analysed from the perspective of full-time and part-time activity, age groups and educational attainment level.

Cultural Heritage Tourism Export and Local Development. Performance Indicators and Policy Challenges for Romania

Tourism activity is an important driver of the global economy, ensuring monetary circulation, through tourism receipts, to other economic circuits. By developing tourism activities, countries can increase their national production, with a positive effect on their Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Tourism services and cultural products should be promoted together in development efforts, as generators for regional progress in areas with partially valued heritage potential. A strategic and integrated approach of sustainable cultural heritage tourism development must include all types of externalities, both positive and negative, and should be included in local policies for development as a priority, offering economically driven opportunities. Intensive development of tourism, which contributes to an increased added value, must be implemented in services through technology. Cultural heritage, promoted through tourism, creates jobs, drives innovation, supports public services development and local entrepreneurship (including transport and communication infrastructures), generates prosperity, and encourages participation of citizens. This chapter presents proposals and recommendations for national policies and strategies for ensuring that inbound tourism, based on current national and cultural heritage, constitutes a supplementary factor to economic growth in the region.