Czarina Wilpert

Immigrant associations in Europe.

This book is the 1st of a 3-part series which addresses aspects of the future of the new ethnic minorities in a changing European context. These studies were launched by the European Science Founation 1980. The other books in the series are entitled ENTERING THE WORKING WORLD: FOLLOWING THE DESCENDANTS OF EUROPES IMMIGRANT LABOUR FORCE and NEW IDENTITIES IN EUROPE: IMMIGRANT ANCESTRY AND THE ETHNIC IDENTITY OF YOUTH. This volume is the 1st publication on a European level to analyze the internal organization of the immigrant communities and to discuss the ideological alternatives they offer to the future generations. The studies show that immigrant associations are not transitional but gain renewed strength as they fulfill changing functions as communities become more established and settled. Specifically this book examines 1) Pakistani and Greek Cypriot migration to Britain 2) Turkish migration to West Germany 3) Italian and Portuguese immigration to France 4) Finnish migration to Sweden and 5) Spanish migration to Switzerland and the Netherlands. Common themes in the study of associations include 1) associational life exists within kinship structure 2) some have political or religious sources 3) some provide a link above the kinship level between migrant communities and their home villages or regions and 4) those associations with educational facilities are the most powerful. The governments of the countries of settlement seek to provide for the needs which immigrant associations exist to satisfy and they may well supervise and police the associations activities. The existence of migrant-oriented business may give rise to class differentiation within the migrant community and to the possibility of businessmen and workers forming alliances with their equivalents in the country of settlement. The process of incorporating the immigrant minority community into the state the transcendence of ethnic bonds by those of class has hardly begun and it is not certain that either process will be strong enough to destroy the resilient forms of ethnic community and association.

Migration and informal work in the New Berlin: New forms of work or new sources of labour?

This article focuses on the growing informalization of work, which refers to the strategies that aim to avoid state control and its identification with new migration streams in Berlin. The growth of unemployment and low-waged precarious jobs in an informal or shadow economy is said to be a result of the influx of new illegal migrants. Although Germany does not consider itself as a country of immigration, continuous exceptions have been made to permit the restricted access of temporary workers. The major patterns for new migration were shaped by policies adopted during post-war reconstruction. Programs were started in connection with the asylum compromise and the transformations in Germany and eastern Europe. The informalization of work has gained a new significance in the post-unification era. In conclusion, the diverse processes of re-structuring, deregulation, and migratory labor movements combined with the total lack of acceptance of the notion that Germany is a country of immigration, have created new sources of undocumented skilled and unskilled labor for an expanding informalized sector of the labor market.

Children of Foreign Workers in the Federal Republic of Germany

This article sketches the international labor and accompanying family migration in the Federal Republic of Germany and identifies policy issues and preliminary findings of research with respect to the adaptation problems of the children of the foreign workers.

Die Evaluation des CIVITAS-Programms

Das CIVITAS-Programm ist eine Initiative gegen Rechtsextremismus in den neuen Bundeslandern. Es hat die Aufgabe, Masnahmen zur Starkung der demokratischen Kultur und zur Bekampfung von Rechtsextremismus, Fremdenfeindlichkeit und Antisemitismus in den neuen Bundeslandern zu unterstutzen. Eine Initiative aus Vertreterinnen und Vertretern der Praxis, Verwaltung und Politik entwickelte dieses Programm, das nun vom Bundesministerium fur Familien, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend (BMFSFJ) gefordert wird. Die Amadeu-Antonio-Stiftung wurde gemeinsam mit der Stiftung Demokratische Jugend mit dessen Umsetzung beauftragt. Die Evaluation des Programms ubernahm ein Forschungsteam an der Alice-Salomon-Fachhochschule Berlin. Mit der Einrichtung der Modellprojekte wurde im Fruhjahr 2001 begonnen.

Minorities’ Influence on the Majority: Reactions of the Majority in Political, Institutional, and Social Scientific Spheres

This paper introduces the theoretical question of minority influence on the majority. In the analysis which follows, emphasis is placed on the reactions of the majority to the minority even before formal demands or ethnic mobilization occur. Attention is given to the political, institutional, and social scientific spheres which, advertently or not, interpret the nature of the minority in question and provide an ideology which justifies the limitations set and the problems the minority faces.