D. Gutierrez

Magnonic interferometric switch for multi-valued logic circuits

We investigated a possible use of the magnonic interferometric switches in multi-valued logic circuits. The switch is a three-terminal device consisting of two spin channels where input, control, and output signals are spin waves. Signal modulation is achieved via the interference between the source and gate spin waves. We report experimental data on a micrometer scale prototype based on the Y3Fe2(FeO4)3 structure. The output characteristics are measured at different angles of the bias magnetic field. The On/Off ratio of the prototype exceeds 13 dB at room temperature. Experimental data are complemented by the theoretical analysis and the results of micro magnetic simulations showing spin wave propagation in a micrometer size magnetic junction. We also present the results of numerical modeling illustrating the operation of a nanometer-size switch consisting of just 20 spins in the source-drain channel. The utilization of spin wave interference as a switching mechanism makes it possible to build nanometer-...We investigated a possible use of the magnonic interferometric switches in multi-valued logic circuits. The switch is a three-terminal device consisting of two spin channels where input, control, and output signals are spin waves. Signal modulation is achieved via the interference between the source and gate spin waves. We report experimental data on a micrometer scale prototype based on the Y3Fe2(FeO4)3 structure. The output characteristics are measured at different angles of the bias magnetic field. The On/Off ratio of the prototype exceeds 13 dB at room temperature. Experimental data are complemented by the theoretical analysis and the results of micro magnetic simulations showing spin wave propagation in a micrometer size magnetic junction. We also present the results of numerical modeling illustrating the operation of a nanometer-size switch consisting of just 20 spins in the source-drain channel. The utilization of spin wave interference as a switching mechanism makes it possible to build nanometer-...

A Magnetometer Based on a Spin Wave Interferometer

We describe a magnetic field sensor based on a spin wave interferometer. Its sensing element consists of a magnetic cross junction with four micro-antennas fabricated at the edges. Two of these antennas are used for spin wave excitation while two other antennas are used for detection of the inductive voltage produced by the interfering spin waves. Two waves propagating in the orthogonal arms of the cross may accumulate significantly different phase shifts depending on the magnitude and direction of the external magnetic field. This phenomenon is utilized for magnetic field sensing. The sensitivity attains its maximum under the destructive interference condition, where a small change in the external magnetic field results in a drastic increase of the inductive voltage, as well as in the change of the output phase. We report experimental data obtained for a micrometer scale Y3Fe2(FeO4)3 cross structure. The change of the inductive voltage near the destructive interference point exceeds 40 dB per 1 Oe. The phase of the output signal exhibits a π-phase shift within 1 Oe. The data are collected at room temperature. Taking into account the low thermal noise in ferrite structures, we estimate that the maximum sensitivity of the spin wave magnetometer may exceed attotesla.

Perpendicularly magnetized YIG-film resonators and waveguides with high operating power

We propose a novel technique for building YIG film-based resonators and waveguides for high power operating microwave devices. Our approach is based on the effect of total internal reflection (TIR) at the interface between the non-metalized and metalized regions of YIG film, which take place for forward volume magnetostatic spin waves in perpendicularly magnetized YIG films. Prototype resonators and waveguides were designed, fabricated, and tested. The obtained experimental data demonstrate high quality factor of 50 dB and a high power operation up to +15 dBm in the frequency range from 1.8 GHz to 5.1 GHz. Application of such resonators and waveguides in electrically tunable microwave oscillators promises an extremely low phase noises about −135 dB/Hz at 10 kHz offset.We propose a novel technique for building YIG film-based resonators and waveguides for high power operating microwave devices. Our approach is based on the effect of total internal reflection (TIR) at the interface between the non-metalized and metalized regions of YIG film, which take place for forward volume magnetostatic spin waves in perpendicularly magnetized YIG films. Prototype resonators and waveguides were designed, fabricated, and tested. The obtained experimental data demonstrate high quality factor of 50 dB and a high power operation up to +15 dBm in the frequency range from 1.8 GHz to 5.1 GHz. Application of such resonators and waveguides in electrically tunable microwave oscillators promises an extremely low phase noises about −135 dB/Hz at 10 kHz offset.

Spin wave interference in YIG cross junction

This work is aimed at studying the interference between backward volume magnetostatic spin waves and magnetostatic surface spin waves in a magnetic cross junction. These two types of magnetostatic waves possess different dispersion with zero frequency overlap in infinite magnetic films. However, the interference may be observed in finite structures due to the effect magnetic shape anisotropy. We report experimental data on spin wave interference in a micrometer size Y3Fe2(FeO4)3 cross junction. There are four micro antennas fabricated at the edges of the cross arms. Two of these antennas located on the orthogonal arms are used for spin wave generation, and the other two antennas are used for the inductive voltage detection. The phase difference between the input signals is controlled by the phase shifter. Prominent spin wave interference is observed at the selected combination of operational frequency and bias magnetic field. The maximum On/Off ratio exceeds 30dB at room temperature. The obtained results ...

Parallel Read-Out and Database Search With Magnonic Holographic Memory

In this paper, we present the most recent results on the development of magnonic holographic memory (MHM). MHM is a type of holographic device, which uses spin waves for data transfer and processing. The most appealing properties of MHM include parallel read-out and database search. We present experimental data showing parallel read-out of four magnetic memory states. In this experiment, the internal magnetic state is recognized by the level of the output inductive voltage produced by the spin-wave interference. We also present the experimental data showing database search in the MHM. In this experiment, the search for the maximum output is accomplished by utilizing spin-wave superposition. The experiments were carried out for six- and eight-terminal yttrium iron garnet-based prototypes. Potentially, magnonic holographic devices can be implemented as complementary memory/logic units to digital processors. Physical limitations and technological constraints of the spin-wave approach are also discussed.

Prime factorization using magnonic holographic devices

Determining the prime factors of a given number N is a problem that requires super-polynomial time for conventional digital computers. A polynomial-time algorithm was invented by Shor for quantum computers. In this paper, we present experimental data that demonstrate prime factorization using spin-wave interference but without quantum entanglement. Prime factorization includes three major steps. First, a general-type computer calculates the sequence of numbers mkmod(N), where N is the number to be factorized, m is a randomly chosen positive integer, and k = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6…. Next, the period of the calculated sequence r is determined by exploiting spin-wave interference. Finally, the general-type computer determines the primes based on the obtained r. The experiment for period finding was conducted on a six-terminal Y3Fe2(FeO4)3 device. We chose number 15 for testing and determined its primes using a sequence of measurements. The obtained experimental data for a micrometer-sized prototype aimed to demons...

Reversible magnetic logic gates based on spin wave interference

We propose and develop reversible magnetic logic gates based on spin wave interference. The gates consist of passive elements including spin waveguides, cross-junctions, and phase shifters. Logic 0 and 1 are encoded in the phase of the propagating spin wave (0 or π). There are different possible input-output trajectories for the propagating spin waves, where some of the trajectories contain phase shifters and others do not. In each case, the particular input-output trajectory and the resultant output phase depend on the input phase combination. The redirection takes place in the cross junctions. Two waves coming to a junction in-phase propagate through the junction without reflection. In contrast, two waves coming to a junction out-of-phase are completely reflected back. The process of redirection is illustrated by numerical modeling of a nanometer-scale junction comprising two chains of spins, which operates at zero temperature. We also present experimental data on spin wave redirection in a micrometer-s...

Parallel data processing with Magnonic Holographic Co-Processor

In this work, we present experimental data demonstrating the capabilities of Magnonic Holographic Co-Processor for parallel data processing. It is a type of magnetic logic device, which utilizes spin waves for data transfer and processing. Its operation is based on the correlation between the phases and the amplitudes of the input spin waves and the output inductive voltages. We present experimental data obtained for 8-terminal prototype based on Y3Fe2(FeO4)3 structure. The input of the device is provided by the phased array of spin wave generating elements allowing us to produce input phase patterns of an arbitrary form. The obtained data demonstrate the capabilities of Magnonic Holographic Co-Processor for parallel data processing by using spin wave superposition. Potentially, magnonic holographic devices can be implemented as complementary logic units to digital processors. Physical limitations and technological constrains are also discussed.