D. J. Galloway

Phytogeography of Southern Hemisphere Lichens

The Southern Hemisphere as widely understood by biologists and biogeographers refers in a broad sense to areas of land and sea bordering the vast ice-covered continent of Antarctica. For purposes of the present discussion I make an arbitrary definition of Southern Hemisphere as that area of land and sea radiating outwards from the South Pole as centre, to the Tropic of Capricorn encircling the globe at Lat. 23°26’30”S. The region so defined consists of large areas of open sea (Southern Ocean, South Pacific Ocean, South Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and the Tasman Sea), with the landmasses of Australia, New Zealand, South America, South Africa and the various Subantarctic islands (Macquarie, Auckland, Campbell, Antipodes, Falkland, South Georgia, Gough, Tristan da Cunha, Bouvet0ya, Marion, Prince Edward, Crozet, Kerguelen and Heard) disposed around the central mass of Antarctica (Fig. 1).

New taxa in the New Zealand lichen flora

Abstract Fifty-two taxa are here recorded as changes or additions to the New Zealand lichen flora. The following new species are described: Dendriscocaulon dendriothamnodes Dughi ex D. Galloway, Leproplaca lutea Laundon, Menegazzia caliginosa P. James et D. Galloway, M. castanea P. James et D. Galloway, M. eperforata P. James et D. Galloway, M. lucens P. James et D. Galloway, M. pulchra P. James et D. Galloway, M. subpertusa P. James et D. Galloway, M. testacea P. James et D. Galloway, M. ultralucens P. James et D. Galloway, Phlyctella megalospora P. James, Siphula foliacea D. Galloway, Sphaerophorus imshaugii Ohlsson, S. macrocarpus Ohlsson, S. microsporus Ohlsson, Sticta babingtonii D. Galloway, S. caliginosa D. Galloway, S. martinii D. Galloway, and S. squamata D. Galloway. The following new names, Caloplaca mooreae D. Galloway and Pertusaria otagoana D. Galloway, and the new combinations Anisomeridium magnosporum (Knight) D. Hawksw., Bacidia wellingtonii (Stirton) D. Galloway: Cladina leptoclada (Des ...

Non-Glabrous Species of Pseudocyphellaria from Southern South America

Fourteen species of Pseudocyphellaria having tomentose or pubescent lobe margins and scabrid-areolate, or ±tomentose upper surfaces occur in southern South America (including Juan Fernandez, the Falkland Islands and South Georgia) south of latitude 34°S. A key and details of the anatomy, chemistry, distribution, morphology and nomenclature of each species are given. Two main groupings are represented in this study: (1) taxa with a ±scabrid-areolate or pubescent upper surface, having sessile, laminal apothecia with a well-developed excipulum proprium (lacking photobiont cells) and containing colourless, acicularfusiform spores ( P. compar, P. endochrysa, P. scabrosa and P. vaccind ); (2) taxa with a ±tomentose upper surface, having mainly marginal, pedicellate apothecia, with a prominent excipulum thallinum (containing photobiont cells) and with yellowbrown to brown, ellipsoid spores ( P. dubia, P. guillemini, P. hirsuta, P. mallota, P. obvoluta, P. pilosella, P. santessonii and P. subrubelld ). Pseudocyphellaria piloselloides and P. pluvialis are not known fertile. Pseudocyphellaria pluvialis R. Sant., P. santessonii D. Galloway and P. scabrosa R. Sant., are newly described and a new combination, P. guillemini (Mont.) D. Galloway, is proposed.

The lichen genera Parmelia Ach. and Punctelia Krog, in Australasia

Abstract Eight species of Parmelia Ach., with pseudocyphellae on the upper surface, and three species of Punctelia Krog, are recognised in the Australasian flora viz.: Parmelia cunninghamii Crombie, P. erumpens Kurokawa, P. pseudotenuirima Gyelnik, P. saxatilis (L.) Ach., P. signifera Nyl., P. sulcata Taylor, P. tenuirima J. D. Hook. et Taylor, and P. testacea Stirton; Punctelia borreri (Sm.) Krog, P. rudecta (Ach.) Krog, and P. subrudecta (Nyl.) Krog. A key to species is given together with details of morphology, chemistry, habitats, and dlstnbution. Parmelia erimis (Nyl.) Hillm., P. crambidiocarpa Zahlbr., and P. rudior Nyl., are reduced to synonymy with P. testacea; Cetraria corallophora Mull. Arg., Parmelia laceratula Nyl., P. rutidota var. vestita Zahlbr., and P. subflava Taylor to synonymy with Punctelia rudecta; and Parmelia pseudocoralloidea Gyelnik, P. hypoleuca f. coralloidea Mull. Arg., P. novae hollandiae f. coralloidea (Mull. Arg.) Zahlbr., and P. victoriana f. coralloidea (Mull. Arg.) Zahlbr...

THE LICHEN GENUS PSOROMIDIUM STIRTON

The Southern Hemisphere genus Psoromidium Stirton (Lecanorales, Pannariaceae) is closely related to certain elements within the heterogeneous genus Psoroma Michx, but is distinguished by the absence of a photobiontin the apothecial margin. In Psoromidium , as in Psoroma , the main photobiont is green and is present in a layer below the upper cortex of the squamules; Nostoc occurs in scattered, well-defined cephalodia. Two species are known: P. aleuroides , with an Australasian distribution, and P. versicolor , anaustral species from Tasmania, Fuegia and the subantarctic Auckland Islands group of New Zealand. Anatomy, morphology, distribution, habitat ecology and taxonomy of the two species are discussed. Psoromaria Nyl. is a synonym of Psoromidium .

Austral lichenology: 1690–2008

Abstract This review summarises lichen work in the temperate Southern Hemisphere. A brief historical overview of austral lichenology is presented from the earliest European voyages of discovery up to the present day. Current knowledge is outlined for Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, southern South America, the Southern Subpolar islands, and Antarctica. Biogeographical patterns, and the importance of lichens in nutrient cycling, habitat restoration, and monitoring of global change, are also discussed from an austral perspective.

New lichen taxa and names in the New Zealand mycobiota

Abstract Twenty‐five lichen taxa are here recorded as changes or additions to the New Zealand mycobiota. The following new species are described: Caloplaca maculata, C. murrayi, C. papanui, C. schisticola, Placopsis durietziorum, P. macrospora, P. polycarpa, and P. venosa, and the new combinations Caloplaca lutea, C. rubentior, Diplotomma canescens ssp. australasica, Megalaria maculosa, M. melanotropa, M. semipallida, M. spodophana, M. subcarnea, M. sublivens, M. variegata, Phaeospora perrugosaria, Placopsis ampliata, Polycoccum stictaria, Pyrenula prostrata, P. pyrenastroides, Rosellinula lopadii, and Thalloloma subvelata are proposed.

Conservation status of New Zealand lichens

Abstract The first listing of the conservation status of lichens indigenous to the New Zealand Botanical Region (excluding Macquarie Island) is presented. The list comprises 1799 formally accepted taxa placed in the following categories: ‘Threatened’, 11 taxa (comprising 4 taxa Nationally Critical, 4 Nationally Endangered, 3 Nationally Vulnerable); ‘At Risk’, 176 taxa (comprising 173 Naturally Uncommon and 4 Declining taxa); and 975 ‘Data Deficient’ taxa. A further 636 taxa were considered ‘Not Threatened’. A further five lichens are listed as ‘Taxonomically Indeterminate’, being lichens which may warrant further conservation attention once their taxonomic status is clarified. A concordance of lichen names is provided. A brief analysis of the patterns of threat and rarity exhibited by New Zealand lichens listed is also presented.

Bryoria (lichenised Ascomycotina) in New Zealand

Abstract Two species of the mainly boreal lichen genus Bryoria Brodo et D. Hawksw. are recorded from New Zealand. B. austromontana P. M. Jorg. et D. Galloway, a presumed endemic of the B. fuscescens group is described as new and occurs in high-alpine fellfield in eastern Canterbury and Otago. B. indonesica (P. M. Jorg.) Brodo et D. Hawksw., new to New Zealand, is recorded from near Lake Waikaremoana (Gisborne) and is part of the Malayo-Pacific element in the New Zealand flora.

Further Nomenclature and Chemical Notes on Pseudocyphellaria in New Zealand

Nomenclatural notes on the following taxa are provided: Pseudocyphellaria billardierii, P. carpoloma, P. faveolata, P. rufovirescens and P. subvariabilis. Detailed chemical profiles are given for all described species of Pseudocyphellaria in New Zealand. Pseudocyphellaria ardesiaca, P. degelii, P. durietzii, P. fimbriata, P. fimbriatoides, P. gretae, P. knightii, P. maculata and P. sericeofulva spp. nov. are described for the first time.