D. Mandal

Heat Transfer Characteristics of Lithium Titanate Particles in Gas-Solid Packed Fluidized Beds

Abstract Lithium titanate (Li2TiO3) is a potential ceramic material for generation of tritium, which is exploited as a fuel in fusion reactor. However, Li2TiO3 has poor thermal conductivity, due to which thermal management of this material during nuclear reaction is a bottleneck. If this material is used in the form of pebble packed in a column or vessel, namely Test Blanket Module (TBM), the effective thermal conductivity is further brought down due to interstitial voids in the packed bed and also due to point to point contact between spherical pebbles. It is therefore essential to develop a suitable technique to enhance heat transfer properties of a packed pebble bed of Li2TiO3. In the present studies, an attempt has been made to develop a packed fluidized bed wherein particulate Li2TiO3 will be allowed to fluidize in the interstitial void of large stationary pebbles, called packing. Experiments have been carried out on heat transfer from wall to bed in a 162.74-mm-diameter column. Stationary pebbles of Li2TiO3 of size 1 mm to 10 mm and fluidized Li2TiO3 particulate solids of size 231 µm to 780 µm in the interstitial voids were used. Bed wall temperature in the range of 200°C to 600°C and operating fluidizing gas velocity corresponding to 1-4 times minimum fluidization velocity of fluidized particulate solids in the voids, were used for 20 to 60 volume percent of fluidized particulate solid of Li2TiO3. It has been found that the effective thermal conductivity of packed fluidized bed increased close to the value of thermal conductivity of pure Li2TiO3 at an optimum fluidization velocity corresponding to 2-3 times minimum fluidization velocity depending on fluidized particle, size, its volume fraction and wall temperature.

Angular Properties of Lithium Titanate Particles - An Experimental Study

Angle of repose and angle of internal friction are two important macroscopic parameters in characterizing granular materials and reliable flow index in fluidization studies. This paper presents an experimental study to measure the angular properties, namely, angle of repose and angle of internal friction of lithium titanate (Li2TiO3) and silica particles. Lithium titanate is a primary contender for the solid breeder material for fusion reactors. Experimental results showed that the angle of repose of fine Li2TiO3 particles increases with increase in particle size, whereas the angle of internal friction decreases with increase in particle size. It was observed that the angle of repose varies in the range 31.7 to 35.62 deg, whereas angle of internal friction varies in the range 74.3 to 76.3 deg. A relationship between angle of repose and angle of internal friction for Li2TiO3 has been established. These results are useful to understand the flow characteristics of Li2TiO3 particles in a gas fluidized bed.