D. Ndiaye

Article original/Original articleChampignons non dermatophytiques et non candidosiques isolés au CHU Le Dantec de Dakar en 2014 : étude épidémiologique, clinique et mycologiqueNondermatophytic and noncandidal fungi isolated in Le Dantec University hospital of Dakar in 2014: Epidemiological, clinical and mycological study

In recent years, the incidence of superficial fungal infections involving nondermatophytic and noncandidal fungi increased considerably. The objective of this work was to analyze the epidemiological, clinical and mycological fungal infections due to nondermatophytic and noncandidal fungi diagnosed in the laboratory of parasitology-mycology of Le Dantec hospital in Dakar. With a retrospective study of the various cases of nondermatophytic and noncandidal fungi isolated in the laboratory of parasitology-mycology during the period of November 2013 to December 2014, we collected 22 cases of infections in 11 men and 11 women; age ranging from 17 to 75 years with a mean of 45.3 years (sex ratio=1): eight cases of intertrigo, seven cases of onychomycosis, four cases of palmoplantar keratoderma (KPP), a case of onychomycosis associated with interdigital intertrigo, a case of infectious myositis and one case of African histoplasmosis. We have isolated and identified a total of 22 nondermatophytic and noncandidal fungi: ten Fusarium, five Trichosporon, two Chrysosporium, two Geotrichum, one Rhodotorula, one Neoscytalidium dimidiatum and one Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii. So we are seeing the emergence of nondermatophytic and noncandidal increasingly isolated from superficial and local lesions. These fungi, generally contaminants or commensal, cause a problem regarding their direct involvement in pathological processes in which they are isolated. So we should respect the recommendations proposed for their involvement in pathological processes and, by a collaboration between clinician and biologist, demonstrate their real involvement through effective, targeted treatment.

Les intertrigos interorteils impliquant Fusarium spp. à Dakar (Sénégal)

INTRODUCTION Fungal interdigital tinea pedis (ITP) is a common pathology mainly due to dermatophytes and yeasts. Fusarium sp. is rarely incriminated in the genesis of intertrigo. In Dakar, a recent study conducted in 2016 on fungal ITP showed that Fusarium were more involved in the etiology of ITP than dermatophytes, coming just after yeasts dominated by Candida. Following this, we wanted to draw attention to the increasing incidence of ITP resulting from Fusarium spp., in Dakar, Senegal, and to analyze the epidemiological and mycological particularities of these ITP due to Fusarium spp. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective study including all patients received at the laboratory for suspicion of ITP between January 1st, 2014 and June 30th, 2017 was conducted. Diagnosis was based on mycological examination, including direct examination and culture. Mycological analysis was considered positive when direct examination and culture were positive after at least one repeat. RESULTS Twenty-nine cases of Fusarium ITP accounting for 44.6% of all ITP in the study period were diagnosed in 15 men and 14 women. The mean age of the patients was 48.4 years. Fusarium ITP were diagnosed in immunocompetent patients except in two diabetics. The mean duration of the lesions was 6.83 years. The most frequent species isolated belonged to the Fusarium solani complex with 19 cases. CONCLUSION Fusarium ITP in a healthy subject requires regular monitoring because any subsequent decrease in immune defenses could lead to fatal hematogenous spread.

Study of the Prevalence of Dental Caries and Malocclusion in a Population of Primary School Pupils in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Introduction: In order to improve the prevention and treatment of caries as well as to increase knowledge regarding malocclusions in Burkina Faso, a prospective study was undertaken of the prevalence of dental caries and malocclusions in pupils at the Bilbalogho A public primary school in the town of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso. Materials and Methods: The studied population comprised all of the pupils enrolled at the Bilbalogho A public primary school who were physically present at the school at time of the survey. The recorded variables were age, gender, the presence of tartar or bacterial plaque, the presence of a malocclusion, the extent of the tooth decay, the topography of the carious lesions, as well as the indicated therapeutics. Results: A total of 313 pupils were examined. The prevalence of caries was 60.1%. The level of oral and dental hygiene was poor and buildup of tartar was found in 82.7% of the pupils. Angle class I malocclusions were the most common (66.8%). There was a clear need for orthodontic care in 8%. Conclusion: The prevalence of dental caries and malocclusions at this school in the capital was quite high. Recourse to treatment was quite low for this population. For many of the pupils the reported lesions were quite advanced, thus underscoring the need for greater awareness of oral and dental care as well as systematic routine dental consultations.

Le paludisme à Plasmodium ovale wallikeri et Plasmodium ovale curtisi au Sénégal en 2016

Recently in Senegal, a case of Plasmodium ovale malaria had led to a diagnostic difficulty due to the ignorance of this parasite and the neglect of it. The objective of this study was to actively investigate cases of P. ovale malaria that would be misdiagnosed in the health centre structures of Senegal. The study was conducted in three areas that reflect different epidemiological strata of malaria. Microscopy was performed by microscopy experts on suspected malaria patients. The results were validated by Rougemont real-time PCR. Positive P. ovale cases were genotyped by nested PCR targeting the potra gene. A total of 406 samples were taken. Microscopy of Giemsa stained thick and thin smears recorded 228 cases of Plasmodium falciparum (97%), 3 cases of Plasmodium malariae (1.3%), and 4 cases of P. ovale (1.7%). The cases of P. ovale observed at microscopy were confirmed by real-time PCR. Genotyping of P. ovale revealed 3 cases of P. ovale wallikeri and 1 case of P. ovale curtisi. The prevalence of P. ovale malaria remains low in Senegal. However, malaria microscopists should be trained to recognize non-falciparum species in order to avoid the diagnostic delays and unnecessary investigations. National malaria control program should consider those species for the better management of malaria control in the country. Simplified molecular methods like, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) may be useful to better characterize the epidemiology of non-falciparum malaria.