D. Plate

A BEAMLINE FOR HIGH PRESSURE STUDIES AT THE ADVANCED LIGHT SOURCE WITH A SUPERCONDUCTING BENDING MAGNET AS THE SOURCE

A new facility for high-pressure diffraction and spectroscopy using diamond anvil high-pressure cells has been built at the Advanced Light Source on beamline 12.2.2. This beamline benefits from the hard X-radiation generated by a 6 T superconducting bending magnet (superbend). Useful X-ray flux is available between 5 keV and 35 keV. The radiation is transferred from the superbend to the experimental enclosure by the brightness-preserving optics of the beamline. These optics are comprised of a plane parabola collimating mirror, followed by a Kohzu monochromator vessel with Si(111) crystals (E/DeltaE approximately equal 7000) and W/B4C multilayers (E/DeltaE approximately equal 100), and then a toroidal focusing mirror with variable focusing distance. The experimental enclosure contains an automated beam-positioning system, a set of slits, ion chambers, the sample positioning goniometry and area detector (CCD or image-plate detector). Future developments aim at the installation of a second endstation dedicated to in situ laser heating and a dedicated high-pressure single-crystal station, applying both monochromatic and polychromatic techniques.

Suite of three protein crystallography beamlines with single superconducting bend magnet as the source.

At the Advanced Light Source, three protein crystallography beamlines have been built that use as a source one of the three 6 T single-pole superconducting bending magnets (superbends) that were recently installed in the ring. The use of such single-pole superconducting bend magnets enables the development of a hard X-ray program on a relatively low-energy 1.9 GeV ring without taking up insertion-device straight sections. The source is of relatively low power but, owing to the small electron beam emittance, it has high brightness. X-ray optics are required to preserve the brightness and to match the illumination requirements for protein crystallography. This was achieved by means of a collimating premirror bent to a plane parabola, a double-crystal monochromator followed by a toroidal mirror that focuses in the horizontal direction with a 2:1 demagnification. This optical arrangement partially balances aberrations from the collimating and toroidal mirrors such that a tight focused spot size is achieved. The optical properties of the beamline are an excellent match to those required by the small protein crystals that are typically measured. The design and performance of these new beamlines are described.

The Advanced Light Source elliptically polarizing undulator

An elliptically polarizing undulator (EPU) for the Advanced Light Source (ALS) has been designed and is currently under construction. The magnetic design is a moveable quadrant pure permanent magnet structure featuring adjustable magnets to correct phase errors and on-axis field integrals. The device is designed with a 5.0 cm period and will produce variably polarized light of any ellipticity, including pure circular and linear. The spectral range at 1.9 GeV for typical elliptical polarization with a degree of circular polarization greater than 0.8 will be from 100 eV to 1500 eV, using the first, third, and fifth harmonics. The device will be switchable between left and right circular modes at a frequency of up to 0.1 Hz. The 1.95 m long overall length will allow two such devices in a single ALS straight sector.

The Advanced Light Source (ALS) Slicing Undulator Beamline

A beamline optimized for the bunch slicing technique has been construction at the Advanced Light Source (ALS). This beamline includes an in‐vacuum undulator, soft and hard x‐ray beamlines and a femtosecond laser system. The soft x‐ray beamline may operate in spectrometer mode, where an entire absorption spectrum is accumulated at one time, or in monochromator mode. The femtosecond laser system has a high repetition rate of 20 kHz to improve the average slicing flux. The performance of the soft x‐ray branch of the ALS slicing undulator beamline will be presented.

SIBYLS - A SAXS and protein crystallography beamline at the ALS

The new Structurally Integrated BiologY for Life Sciences (SIBYLS) beamline at the Advanced Light Source will be dedicated to Macromolecular Crystallography (PX) and Small Angle X‐ray Scattering (SAXS). SAXS will provide structural information of macromolecules in solutions and will complement high resolution PX studies on the same systems but in a crystalline state. The x‐ray source is one of the 5 Tesla superbend dipoles recently installed at the ALS that allows for a hard x‐ray program to be developed on the relatively low energy Advanced Light Source (ALS) ring (1.9 GeV). The beamline is equipped with fast interchangeable monochromator elements, consisting of either a pair of single Si(111) crystals for crystallography, or a pair of multilayers for the SAXS mode data collection (E/ΔE∼1/110). Flux rates with Si(111) crystals for PX are measured as 2×1011 hv/sec through a 100μm pinhole at 12.4KeV. For SAXS the flux is up to 3×1013photons/sec at 10KeV with all apertures open when using the multilayer mon...

Elliptically polarizing undulator beamlines at the Advanced Light Source

Circular polarization insertion devices and beamlines at the Advanced Light Source are described. The facility will consist of multiple undulators feeding two independent beamlines, one optimized for microscopy and the other for spectroscopy. The energy range of the beamlines will go from below 100 eV to 1800 eV, enabling studies of the magnetically important L2,3 edges of transition metals and the M4,5 edges of rare earths.

Nickel-plated invar mirrors for synchrotron radiation beam lines

We report the experience of the Advanced Light Source group in designing and building a series of nine electroless nickel-plated invar mirrors. The first four mirrors constructed appeared initially to be good but later it became evident that the nickel plating on all nine had been done improperly. The problem first appeared as blister-like defects about half a micron high and one to three centimeters wide. The cause turned out to be local separation of the plating from the substrate. In this paper we discuss the technical issues involved in building mirrors from invar and in preparing for and applying the needed electroless nickel coatings. We describe the studies that we carried out to evaluate the questions of adhesion, stress and polishability and report broad success in remanufacturing four of the mirrors. At time of writing one of the four has met specification showing good figure (0.8 μr rms) and finish (6 Å rms).

Wigglers at the Advanced Light Source

Two 3.4 m long wigglers are being designed and constructed at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratorys (LBL) Advanced Light Source (ALS). A 19 period planar wiggler with 16.0 cm period length is designed to provide photons up to 12.4 keV for protein crystallography. This device features a hybrid permanent magnet structure with tapered poles and designed to achieve 2.0 T at a 1.4 cm magnetic gap. An elliptical wiggler is being designed to provide circularly polarized photons in the energy range of 50 eV to 10 keV for magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy. This device features vertical and horizontal magnetic structures of 14 and 14 1/2 periods respectively of 20 cm period length. The vertical magnetic structure is a 2.0 T hybrid permanent magnet configuration. The horizontal structure is an iron core electromagnetic design, shifted longitudinally 1/4 period with respect to the vertical magnetic structure. A maximum horizontal peak field of 0.1 T at an oscillating frequency up to 1 Hz will be achieved by excitation of the horizontal poles with a trapezoidal current waveform.

Design of end magnetic structures for the Advanced Light Source wigglers

The vertical magnetic structures for the Advanced Light Source 15 cm planar wiggler and 20 cm period elliptical wiggler are of hybrid permanent magnet design. The ends of these structures are characterized by diminishing scalar potential distributions of the poles which control beam trajectories. They incorporate electromagnetic correction coils to dynamically correct for variations in the first integral of the field as a function of gap. A permanent magnet trim mechanism is incorporated to minimize the transverse integrated error field distribution. The ends were designed using analytic and computer modeling techniques. The design and modeling results are presented.

DUSEL-related Science at LBNL -- Program and Opportunities

LBNL–2494E DUSEL-related Science at LBNL Program and Opportunities Christian Bauer, Jason Detwiler, Stuart Freedman, Murdock Gilchriese, Richard Kadel, Volker Koch, Yury Kolomensky, Kevin Lesko, Zoltan Ligeti (co-chair), Henrik von der Lippe, Steve Marks, Yasunori Nomura, David Plate, Natalie Roe, Ernst Sichtermann (co-chair) (DUSEL Experimental Program Study Committee) August, 2009