Daewon Park

Design and Implementation of Display Module for Electronic Navigational Chart Data

The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) has presented a new Electronic Navigation Chart(ENC) product specification for S-101, and the paper has covered a study about display module structure. Recently, recognizing the limitations data modeling facility of S-57, IHO developed S-100 as a standard for hydrographic data. Based on S-100 standard, product specifications, including ENC, have been developed. S- 57 based ENC will be replaced by S-101 ENC after S-100 standard has been developed. Display module including S-101 ENC should be replaced, since S-57 based ENC display module have problem expressing S-101 ENC structure. For this transitional period of switching from S-57 standard based toward S-101 standard, we developed a display module that includes S-57 and S-101 standard covering both S-57 ENC data and S-101 ENC data expression.

Design of Database Schema by Conversion of UML-Based Register Schema

This paper concerns the conversion of the register schema of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO)s S-100 standard to a database schema for implementation of a Feature Concept Dictionary (FCD) register. The FCD register, one of the registers of the IHO Geographic Information (GI) registry, maintains independent sets of feature, attribute, enumerated value, and information type definitions. Registered items in the FCD register are used to develop a feature catalogue, which is a component of an S-100-based product specification. For support of feature catalogue development, an FCD register can be implemented as a database system. In order to build the FCD registers database, we analyze its information model. But as the register schema is represented using the Unified Modeling Language (UML), we need to analyze the FCD register schema and design a database schema based on the conversion of the formers UML elements.

Multiple-domain marine data utilization structure for e-navigation

In the maritime field, e-navigation, a new-paradigm information service framework that provides proper, accurate and timely information related to various marine activities at sea, has been widely discussed. For consistent exchange, sharing, and use of data among e-navigation services, the S-100 standard of the International Hydrographic Organization was adopted as the Common Maritime Data Structure. To provide proper information in the form of e-navigation services for various activities at sea, it is necessary to integrated, at the semantic level, S-100-based data that exists in several domains and is distributed both onboard and ashore. Whereas S-100, as the common data model, resolves the issue of syntactic interoperability among domains, it does not provide for semantic interoperability. In this paper, we introduce for the purposes of effective e-navigation, a multi-domain data utilization structure based on a marine knowledge base for support of the semantic representation of S-100-compliant data and their semantic interrelationships. The multiple-domain data utilization structure enables e-navigation services to access multiple-domain data and to find the e-navigation services best supporting their marine activities.

Syntactic-level integration and display of multiple domains' S-100-based data for e-navigation

In the maritime field, interest in the utilization of multiple and various domains’ data for provision of relevant, accurate and timely information ensuring the safety and security of navigation at sea has been growing. Discussion, for example, of the implementation of e-navigation, a new maritime service paradigm introduced by the International Maritime Organization, is ongoing. E-navigation enables and facilitates the on- and off-shore exchange, sharing and utilization of marine and marine-related domains’ data in support of users’ decision-making. For consistent exchange and sharing of marine and marine-related data in the e-navigation environment, the International Hydrographic Organization’s S-100 has been adopted as the baseline of the common maritime data structure. S-100 provides common data models for consistent definition of data elements representing data contents. To that end, it supports syntactic-level data interoperability among S-100 applied e-navigation systems. However, the current S-100 does not provide methods or models for formal representation of data semantics or semantic-level harmonization of data. Therefore, current e-navigation-system efforts are focusing on the utilization of multiple domains’ data at the syntactic-level. To provide relevant information for various marine activities, e-navigation systems should be able to handle various domains’ data and integrate them at the syntactic-level. In this paper, we introduce a method by which multiple domains’ S-100-based data can be integrated according to the characteristics of such data. Additionally, we present a method for consistent display and integration of multiple domains’ S-100-based data. These methods promise to greatly facilitate S-100-based e-navigation systems’ handling of multiple and various domains’ data.

Design and Implementation of Feature Catalogue Builder based on the S-100 Standard

The IHO S-100 is a standard on the universal hydorgraphic data model for supporting information services that integrate various data in maritime and provide proper information for safety of vessels. The S-100 is used to develop S-10x product specifications which are standards on guideline for creation and delivery of specific data set in maritime. The product specification for feature-based data such as ENC(Electronic Navigational Chart) data includes a feature catalogue that describes characteristics of features in that feature-based data. The feature catalogue is developed by domain experts with knowledge on data of the target domain. However, it is not feasible to develop a feature catalogue according to the XML schema by manual. In the IHO TSMAD committee meeting, needs of developing technology on building feature catalogue has been discussed. Therefore, we present a feature catalogue builder that is a GUI(Graphic User Interface) system supporting domain experts to build feature catalogues in XML. The feature catalogue builder is developed to connect with the FCD(Feature Concept Dictionary) register in the IHO(International Hydrographic Organization) GI(Geographic Information) registry. Also, it supports domain experts to select proper feature items based on the relationships between register items.

Design of Maritime Meteorological Information Data Model Based on S-100

Navigational information supporting services recently have become an increasingly significant global issue, particularly as trade volumes and the employment of mega ships in the maritime field have grown. However, there remain risks associated with vessel navigation; major accidents brought on by unexpected weather conditions for example, still often occur. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) is establishing maritime-services standards for prevention of maritime accidents and promotion of navigation safety. S-100 is the IHO standard that was adopted as a basic model supporting the exchange and integration of hydrographic information services. In order to facilitate the communication of maritime meteorological information via S-100-based navigational information services, we need to represent it according to an S-100-based data structure and formats. In this paper, we analyze certain types and characteristics of data representing maritime meteorological information and present the maritime meteorological information data model based on the S-100 General Feature Model (GFM) and its characteristics for users and data administrators.

Methods of GML-Based Representation of S-101 ENC Vector Data

The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), having recognized the data representation limitations of the S-57 standard, has presented the S-100 standard, which can support a variety of hydrographic-related digital data. In a variety of maritime areas, S-100- based data product specifications currently are being developed. For example, the S-101 Electronic Navigation Chart (ENC) represents a variety of spatial information related to navigation. Whereas S-57 ENC data is difficult to utilize because it consists only of many binary files, S-101 ENC data is much easier, particularly with its new encoding formats such as XML and GML. Therefore, S-101 ENC data needs to be converted to GML, the encoding language of information on geographical features, so that ENC spatial data can be utilized more easily and effectively in the maritime information system. In this paper, we present the mapping of the dataset structure of vector records between S-57 and S-101; additionally, we present GML methods based on the S-100 GML profile for spatial representation of S-101 ENC data.