Dalilhia Nazaré dos Santos

Diferentes suplementos no cultivo in vitro de embriões de pinhão-manso

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of maturation stages of physic nut fruits on the development of their embryos cultivated in MS medium supplemented with sucrose, coconut water and activated carbon. Fruits were collected, and their embryos were extracted aseptically. They were submitted to two experimental conditions: embryos from fruits in three development stages (immature, mature and dry) were put into MS medium, supplemented with sucrose (0, 15, 30 and 60 g L-1); embryos derived from dry fruits were put into MS medium supplemented with sucrose 30 g L-1, activated carbon (0, 1, 2 and 3 g L-1), and coconut water (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 e 250 mL L-1). Explants were kept in a growth chamber under controlled conditions during 30 days. Only the zygotic embryos from immature fruits needed sucrose supplementation in the culture medium to sustain germination. Better embryos development occurs in MS medium supplemented with 60 g L-1 of sucrose. The association of activated carbon and coconut water provides better growth of seedlings derived from embryos extracted from seeds of dry fruits.

Morfologia externa de frutos, sementes e plântulas de pinhão-manso

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar aspectos morfologicos externos do fruto, semente, processo germinativo e plântula de Jatropha curcas. Em frutos e sementes foram avaliadas as caracteristicas: dimensoes, tipo, cor, textura, deiscencia e numero de sementes por fruto, presenca de caruncula, formato do embriao e presenca do endosperma. No estudo do desenvolvimento pos-seminal e diferenciacao das plântulas, as sementes foram colocadas para germinar em meio de cultura MS (Murashige & Skoog). O fruto de Jatropha curcas e seco deiscente, capsular, tricoca, geralmente com tres sementes e endocarpo lenhoso. A semente e ovalada, endospermica, com envoltorio liso e presenca de caruncula. O embriao possui um par de cotiledones e eixo hipocotilo-radicula cilindrico e reto. A germinacao e epigea.

Cytological characterization of Jatropha curcas callus in different periods of cultivation

The aimed was characterization and determining the time for Jatropha curcas callus subculture. The pattern of J. curcas callus development is sigmoidal with 5 distinct phases, and transplantation should be performed at the end of the deceleration phase (approximately day 28). During callus development, it was observed that at the onset of growth in the exponential phase the cells were internally disorganized; in the linear phase, respiratory metabolism was resumed through reorganization of the first mitochondria; and by the mid-deceleration phase, the cells were entirely active, and several organelles were detected. This organizational status was maintained throughout the stationary phase during which somatic pre-embryos were identified. At the end of the stationary phase, intracellular disruption began, and the cells entered senescence, which characterized the decline phase for the J. curcas calli growth curve.

Análise bioquímica de calos de pinhão-manso

The physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) is gaining importance because of its potential as raw material for biodiesel. Studies aiming the adequacy of agronomic techniques and tissue culture contribute, indirectly, to this aspect, helping applied research as biotechnology, in situations that aim plant regeneration. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate, the behavior of primary metabolites during the callus growing season. The callus mass at the inoculation time showed no carbohydrates reserve. At the 42nd day the sucrose absorption started in the medium, while the accumulation in the explant occurred from the 98th day of cultivation. Amino acid content was high at the inoculations day and around the 98th day, both amino acids and protein levels decreased.

Anatomical modifications of Butia capitata propagated under colored shade nets

The jelly palm plant [Butia capitata (Martius) Beccari] is a native palm of the Cerrado biome used for many purposes in northern Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Dormancy is common in palm seeds, resulting in slow and uneven germination that may take years to complete. Modification in the growth pattern, anatomical parameters, physiological and biochemical characteristics of the plant can be verified due to changes in the light spectrum transmitted through colored shade nets used. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of colored shade nets on the leaf and root anatomy of the jelly palm plant. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments, ten replicates and eight plants per replicate, totaling 400 plants. Four colored photo-converter nets with 50% shading and different radiation proportions were employed: white (985 μmol.m-2.s-1), red (327 μmol.m-2.s-1), black (433 μmol.m-2.s-1) and silver (405 μmol.m-2.s-1). The plants cultivated under direct sunlight (1000 μmol.m-2.s-1) were considered as the control group. Leaf and root anatomical analysis was performed on 10 plants per treatment. It is possible to conclude that the colored shade nets caused changes in leaf and root anatomy of the jelly palm plant (Butia capitata).

Genetic structure from the oldest Jatropha germplasm bank of Brazil and contribution for the genetic improvement

Jatropha is a potential oilseed crop, which requires mitigating factors such as the low genetic variability of the species. The solution runs through the research of Brazilian germplasm. Attention should be given to the germplasm of jatropha the north of Minas Gerais, because this is the oldest national collection and because this region may be a regions of jatropha diversity due to selection pressure arising from environmental adversities. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity of 48 accessions of collection from Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), using SSR and ISSR markers. The results showed low genetic diversity, but some individuals stood out as J. mollissima (48), J. podagrica (47), Mexican accessions (42, 43, 44 and 45) and some national accessions (28, 29, 41 and 46). Therefore, aiming to increase the genetic variability and improve the effectiveness of jatropha breeding programs, it is suggested to explore such as parental accessions to generate commercial hybrids. This fact implies the possibility to support future production of jatropha, since this culture may be an important source of income, especially for small farmers living in semiarid regions of Brazil.