Dana Knotová

Život Karla – příběh učitele v socialistickém Československu

Studie představuje životni přiběh ucitele, který větsinu sveho života prožil v době komunismu, přicemž během sve ucitelske kariery vyucoval na několika skolach a dožil se i padu komunistickeho režimu v roce 1989. Výzkum je založen na biograficke metodě, ale využili jsme rovněž rozhovory s kolegy a žaky ucitele, studovali jsme rovněž relevantni archivni dokumenty i dalsi sekundarni zdroje. Životni přiběh ucitele přinesl poznatky nejenom o každodennim životě skol a ucitelske profesi, ale take o skolstvi v době nastupujici komunisticke diktatury. Nas výzkum rovněž ukazal, že (nahla) umrti pamětniků mohou výrazně ovlivnit využiti biograficke metody. Na zakladě naseho výzkumu se domnivame, že studium životnich přiběhů ucitelů ma velký potencial nejen odhalovat nove poznatky o životě a profesi ucitele v totalitni spolecnosti, ale take to, jaka byla každodenni realita komunistickeho režimu i tehdejsiho skolstvi.

“You have betrayed us for a little dirty money!” The Prague Spring as seen by primary school teachers

Abstract This study focuses on the everyday operation of primary schools in Czechoslovakia during the so-called Prague Spring and the subsequent communist political clampdown after the invasion by the Warsaw Pact forces. The authors focus primarily on the experiences of teachers, how events in this complex period affected their professional lives, and how the renewal of totalitarian power was reflected in their work. The research is based on oral history as a method which enabled us to acquire unique knowledge concerning the work and life of teachers in the period under study. Findings from extensive archival research are also an important part of the research. These show that during the Prague Spring, as in Czechoslovak society as a whole, the socio-political climate in primary schools relaxed and communist power weakened, as reflected both in school operation and in-class instruction. After the Warsaw Pact invasion in August 1968, the regime became stricter again in schools and elsewhere (similar to before the onset of the Prague Spring). This was manifested especially in the constant control of teachers’ activities during the Prague Spring, in their persecution, and through the increasing emphasis on ideological aspects of teacher training and pupil formation through instruction.

Primary School Teachers as a Tool of Secularisation of Society in Communist Czechoslovakia.

Abstract This study focuses on the secularisation of society in communist Czechoslovakia (1948–1989) as a process in which primary school teachers played an important role. It aims to describe and explain typical everyday situations in which teachers were forced to fulfil tasks in connection with the Communist Party’s politics of secularisation. The text is based on witness memories obtained through oral history interviews, and on examination of historical archival sources and legislation. The study shows that the situations in which teachers found themselves in connection with performing these tasks were often not easy to face. This was, on the one hand, due to the expectations of the political establishment that teachers would obey their instructions meticulously and without reservations. The teachers, on the other hand, strove to interfere in negative ways with the lives of their students (and their families) as little as possible.

Cesta k učitelství v socialistickém Československu pohledem pamětníků

Autoři se ve sve studii zaměřuji na ucitele zakladnich skol a jejich cestu k profesi ucitele v socialistickem Ceskoslovensku. Jejim hlavnim cilem je prohloubeni a doplněni dosavadnich poznatků o studiu ucitelstvi. V textu autoři odpovidaji na tři otazky: Co předchazelo studiu ucitelstvi? Jak ucitele reflektuji svoji pregradualni připravu? Jak se promitla do jejich studia tehdejsi ideologie? Hlavni metodou sběru dat byla metoda oralni historie a rovněž studium archivnich pramenů a legislativnich dokumentů. Autoři popisuji a vysvětluji motivaci ke studiu ucitelstvi, ale take různe podoby přijimani ke studiu i důvody k nepřijeti. V dalsi casti jsou vysvětleny některe konkretni dopady mnoha nepromyslených reforem na studium ucitelů, dale je popsana problematika praxi i tzv. ideologicka výchova.

Učebnice sociální pedagogiky

RECENZE KNIHY Prochazka, Miroslav. Socialni pedagogika. Praha: Grada, 2012. ISBN 978-80-247-3470-5.