Dana Vannoy

Dual-Earner Families: International Perspectives

Introduction - Suzan Lewis Dual-Earner Families in Context PART ONE: INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES Culture, Policy, and Women in Dual-Earner Families in Israel - Dafna N Izraeli Middle-Class Dual-Earner Families and Their Support Systems in Urban India - Uma Sekaran Dual-Earner Families in Singapore - Edith C Yuen and Vivien Lim Issues and Challenges Swedens Sex-Role Scheme and Commitment to Gender Equality - Karin Sandqvist Dual-Earner Families in Hungary - Christine Clason Past, Present and Future Perspectives PART TWO: IN THE FAMILY British Households after Maternity Leave - Julia Brannen and Peter Moss Financial Affairs - Rosanna Hertz Money and Authority in Dual-Earner Marriage Dual-Earner Families in the United States and Adolescent Development - Lucia Albino Gilbert and L Suzanne Dancer Dual-Earner Families and the Care of the Elderly in Japan - Jeanette Taudin Chabot PART THREE: WORK AND THE FAMILY: IMPLICATIONS FOR ORGANIZATIONAL POLICY Beyond 1992 - Helen M Hootsmans Dutch and British Corporations and the Challenge of Dual-Career Couples Can Work Requirements Accommodate to the Needs of Dual-Earner Families? - Alice H Cook Towards Balanced Lives and Gender Equality - Suzan Lewis, Dafna N Izraeli and Helen M Hootsmans

Division of Household Labor as a Source of Contention for Married and Cohabiting Couples in Metropolitan Moscow

Using data on Moscowcouples, this study investigates the division of household labor and its effects on marital conflict and thought of divorce. The hypotheses predict how spouses’economic resources, gender beliefs, and time constraints influence marital contention both directly and indirectly through wife’s perceived division of household labor and her satisfaction with it. Husband’s marital contention also is analyzed. Among the findings, the spouses’ relative characteristics have some influence on the division of household labor, and the relative characteristics condition the effects of household labor on wife’s perceived marital conflict and thoughts of divorce. Household labor is most important in predicting marital contention for wives, but it is only somewhat important for husbands. While demonstrating that the household division of labor should be given more attention in Russian family research, the study provides an important comparative analysis for American scholars on the role of domestic labor in couple dynamics.

Roles in the Divorce Process and Identity Strength

Abstract Building on Vaughns (1986) descriptions of the separation process, Vannoy (1995) posited a paradigm of roles in the divorce process. This paper uses a sample of 411 Catholic divorced women to empirically identify subjects playing these respective roles in ending their marriages. The paper has both methodological and theoretical implications. Methodologically, this paper helps refine measures for how individuals perceive their role in their divorces. Theoretically, the paper explores questions about whether men or women are more or less likely to initiate separations as well as the relationship between divorce role and ego strength. Findings indicate that in this sample from the perception of wives, the wives were more likely than their husbands to be the first to wish to end their marriages and more nurturing women were more likely to do so than less nurturing women. Secondly, a significant proportion of the sample of women initiated the legal proceedings for their divorces even though they were not the partners who wished to end their marriages. Finally, exploratory findings regarding ego strength and divorce role suggest that those who preferred to save their marriages score higher on the components of identity strength than those who wished to leave their marriages.

Social Differentiation, Contemporary Marriage, and Human Development:

This article makes the functionalist claim that to be fully achieved, the change toward sex equality must occur in social, cultural, and personality systems and be apparent not only in the economy but in marriage and individual identity as well. The discussion suggests that the high rate of marital disruption, particularly in dual-earner marriages in which partners approach economic and occupational equality, represents a lag or strain between macro changes in society and related changes in marriage roles and gender role identity in personality. Traditional gender role identities, including subordinate and superordinate statuses for women and men respectively, are seen as congruent with earlier societal forms and less congruent with the demands of postindustrial society. In light of social differentiation, the changing status of women, and the loss of family functions, stable marriages are more likely to be achieved only by those individuals who develop strong capacities for autonomy and intimacy in their marital relationships. To achieve this is also to achieve less sex-typed gender role identities.

Influence of Advertisement on Women's Attitudes Toward Mammography Screening

This project represents an effort to incorporate a feminist perspective into research on mammography screening. The purpose of this study was to assess womens attitudes toward four advertisements designed to encourage mammography screening. The goal was to create awareness about womens attitudes toward mammography advertisements in order to encourage the development of more effective and responsive motivational materials. The results indicated that each ad communicated different messages about the seriousness of breast cancer and the efficacy of mammography in detecting early breast cancer. Each ad also affected women differently regarding their feelings of control over breast cancer, their perceived loss of sex appeal resulting from a breast cancer diagnosis, and their general fear of breast cancer.

Roles in the Divorce Process

Abstract This research note is a postscript to “Roles in the Divorce Process and Identity Strength” (Vannoy, 2000). A sample of 411 divorced Catholic women is analyzed to investigate whether marital quality experienced and perceived relationship intimacy is associated with roles in the divorce process. The roles investigated are those suggested in the Vannoy (1995) paradigm: who is the more nurturing or self-attending partner in the relationship, who first emotionally disengaged from the relationship, who initiated the physical leaving, and who first initiated legal proceedings. Findings indicate that wives who were first to emotionally disengage from the marriage report experiencing significantly less marital quality than those who wished to save their marriages; the other divorce roles did not differentiate level of marital quality. However, wives who are more nurturing and who were the initiator in all three divorce roles perceived less relationship intimacy in their former marriages.